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Florence Nightingale Biography. Born: May 12, 1820. Florence, Italy. Died: August 13, 1910. London, England. English nurse. The English nurse Florence Nightingale was the founder of modern nursing and made outstanding contributions to the knowledge and improvement of public health.
- Nietzsche, Friedric
Publications Nietzsche's early publications in classical...
- Nietzsche, Friedric
Florence Nightingale OM RRC DStJ (/ ˈ n aɪ t ɪ ŋ ɡ eɪ l /; 12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910) was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers at ...
- Who Was Isambard Kingdom Brunel?
- Isambard Kingdom Brunel Facts
- What Did Isambard Kingdom Brunel invent?
- Brunel's Steam Ships
- How Did Brunel Die?
Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859) was a renowned 19th century engineer. His achievements include the steamships Great Western, Great Britain and Great Eastern.
Who were Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s parents?
Isambard Kingdom Brunel was the son of the famous inventor, Sir Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom. Similar to his son, the scope of Marc’s designs were remarkable. Marc invented new methods for the mass production of ships’ pulleys and soldiers boots to his designs. His most famous achievement was his pioneering work in the design and construction of the Thames Tunnel. Prince Albert took a keen interest in the project, and it was this project that led to Marc's knighthood.
Sophia Kingdom & the French revolution
Marc and Sophia first met in Paris during the French Revolution. As a known royalist, Marc had to flee France for New York. Sophia remained in Paris to finish her studies and was charged with being a British spy. She remained in prison until the end of the revolution. They found each other again in England and married in 1799 with Sophia giving birth to Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1806.
Brunel - a child genius?
From a young age, Isambard had a talent for engineering and mathematics. Encouraged by his father, he learnt how to depict model drawings of buildings and had begun learning Euclidean geometry by the age of eight. After being educated in Hove and Caen, Isambard was sent to France to apprentice under Louis Breguet, France’s most celebrated maker of watches and scientific instruments.
Rotherhithe Tunnel
By the age of 20, Isambard had begun working with his father on the ground-breaking Thames Tunnel between Rotherhithe and Wapping. This 1300 foot tunnel used a groundbreaking tunnel shield design developed by Marc and Isambard. Using this system, they were able to protect workers from the dangers of tunnel collapse as they buried under 75 feet under the river. The Rotherhithe tunnel is still in use today.
Bridges
Brunel oversaw the design and construction of many bridges and viaducts throughout his career. He built Maidenhead Bridge across the River Thames, the Wye Bridge at Chepstow, and the Royal Albert Bridge across the River Tamar.
Clifton Suspension Bridge
One of Brunel's defining achievements was the Clifton Suspension Bridge project. In 1830, he designed a 700 feet bridge to span across the Avon River. The bridge required two soaring masonry towers that reached 245 feet above the river gorge. The suspension bridge used tensioned cables to support the roadway. This tension allowed the bridge to use drastically less material and so became much cheaper to construct. Despite the lower cost of production, the project had many funding problems. It...
SS Great Western
It was always Brunel’s dream to expand the Great Western transport network so that it not only linked London to Bristol, but onwards to New York by steamship. This led to the construction of the SS Great Westernin 1838, the first steamship purpose-built for crossing the Atlantic. She was an iron-strapped, wooden, side-wheel paddle steamer, with four masts to hoist the auxiliary sails. She was used regularly for transatlantic passenger travel between 1838 and 1846.
SS Great Britain
Brunel went on to design the SS Great Britain, regarded as the first modern steamship when launched in 1843. She was the largest ship of her time, built of metal, powered by an engine and driven by propeller rather than paddle wheel. Today, she has been fully restored and is on display in Bristol as a popular tourist attraction. Discover more about the SS Great Britain on their website
SS Great Eastern
Brunel’s last project was designing the SS Great Eastern, built to take passengers non-stop from London to Sydney. It was an ambitious and groundbreaking feat of engineering, and the largest ship of its time. Brunel knew her affectionately as the ‘Great Babe’. Sadly, Brunel, a heavy smoker, suffered a stroke just before Great Eastern's ill-fated maiden voyage in 1859, in which she was damaged by an explosion. Brunel died 10 days later, aged 53, leaving a pioneering legacy behind him. Find out...
On the 5th September 1859, Brunel was onboard the SS Great Eastern, one of his most notable creations and the largest ship ever built in its time. As the ship tested its engines before setting sail for New York, Brunel had a stroke on deck. He returned to his home at 18 Duke Street, London where he died on 15 September 1859, aged fifty-three. He wa...
Here are eight things you (probably) didn’t already know about Florence Nightingale: 1. Florence’s parents named their children after the cities of their birth
- Florence Nightingale was fluent in English, French, German, and Italian. Florence Nightingale also had a decent grasp of both Latin and classical Greek.
- Florence Nightingale chose to pursue nursing at a young age, despite her parents' objections. In the 1830's, nursing was associated with low social status, paltry wages, and alcohol abuse.
- Florence Nightingale refused to get married. She turned down multiple proposals, including one made by a cousin named Henry Nicholson.
- Florence Nightingale had 38 nurses working under her during the Crimean War. This 1850s conflict, in which Britain and France clashed with Russia over its invasion of Turkish territory, turned Nightingale into a Victorian celebrity.
Feb 17, 2011 · Her mother's father had sat in the House of Commons for almost half a century as an abolitionist, while Florence's father, William Edward Nightingale, who had inherited an enormous fortune...
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Lifespan: May 12, 1820 – August 13, 1910. Birthplace: Florence, Italy. Moved to England: The Nightingale family returned to England in 1821, settling in Embley Park, Hampshire, and later at Lea Hurst, Derbyshire. Known for: Founding modern nursing, social reform, and statistical innovations.
