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Revision notes on 5.1.3 Cell Signalling for the OCR A Level Biology syllabus, written by the Biology experts at Save My Exams.
- Overview
- Three Stages of Cell Signaling
- Types of Cell Signaling Pathways
- Cell Signaling Ligands
- Types of Cell Signaling Molecules
- How Does Insulin Signal A Cell to Take in Glucose?
- Bibliography
Cell signaling can occur through a number of different pathways, but the overall theme is that the actions of one cell influence the function of another. Cell signaling is needed by multicellular organisms to coordinate a wide variety of functions.Nerve cells must communicate with muscle cells to create movement, immune cells must avoid destroying ...
At its core cell signaling can simply be described as the production of a “signal” by one cell. This signal is then received by a “target”cell. In effect, signal transduction is said to have three stages: 1. First, reception, whereby the signal molecule binds the receptor 2. Then, signal transduction, which is where the chemical signal results in a...
Cell signaling serves a vital purpose in allowing our cells to carry out life as we know it. Moreover, thanks to the concerted efforts of our cells via their signaling molecules, our body is able to orchestrate the many complexities that maintain life. These complexities, in effect, demand a diverse collection of receptor-mediated pathways that exe...
Typically, cell signaling is either mechanical or biochemical and can occur locally. Additionally, categories of cell signaling are determined by the distance a ligand must travel. Likewise, hydrophobic ligands have fatty properties and include steroid hormones and vitamin D3. These molecules are able to diffuse across the target cell’s plasma memb...
Signaling molecules are currently assigned one of five classifications. 1. Intracrineligands are produced by the target cell. Then, they bind to a receptor within the cell. 2. Autocrineligands are distinct in that they function internally and on other target cells (ex. Immune cells). 3. Juxtacrineligands target adjacent cells (often called “contact...
A great (and well-used) example of a cell signaling pathway is seen in the balancing actions of insulin. Insulin, a small protein produced by the pancreas, is released when glucose levels in the blood get far too high. First, the high glucose levels in the pancreas stimulate the release of insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin finds its way to the ...
Bruice, P. Y. (2011). Organic chemistry(6th ed). Boston: Prentice Hall. Lehninger, A. L., Nelson, D. L., & Cox, M. M. (2008). Lehninger principles of biochemistry(5th ed). New York: W.H. Freeman. Lodish, H. F. (Ed.). (2008). Molecular cell biology(6th ed). New York: W.H. Freeman.
- Gabe Buckley
In order to properly respond to external stimuli, cells have developed complex mechanisms of communication so that they can receive a message, transfer the information across the plasma membrane, and then produce changes within the cell in response to the message.
- Katherine Mattaini
- 2020
Thus far, we have described the main characteristics of neurons, including how their processes come in close contact to form synapses. In this section, we consider the conduction of communication within a neuron and how this signal is transmitted to the next neuron. There are two stages of this electrochemical action in neurons.
Nov 27, 2012 · If we accept selective social bonds, parenting and mate protection as proxies for love in humans, research in animals supports the hypothesis that oxytocin and vasopressin interact to allow the dynamic behavioural states and behaviours necessary for love.
- C Sue Carter, Stephen W Porges
- 10.1038/embor.2012.191
- 2013
- EMBO Rep. 2013 Jan; 14(1): 12-16.
Nov 27, 2012 · The intricate dance between two neuropeptides both regulates our ability to love and influences our health and well‐being. EMBO Press is an editorially independent publishing platform for the development of EMBO scientific publications.
People also ask
How does cell signaling work?
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What is the role of receptor proteins in intercellular communication?
Often, the signaling cell and target are different cell types. Cells, however, can also send signals to other cells of the same type, as well as to themselves. In such autocrine signaling, a cell secretes signal molecules that can bind back to its own receptors.
