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Oct 21, 2024 · big-bang model, widely held theory of the evolution of the universe. Its essential feature is the emergence of the universe from a state of extremely high temperature and density —the so-called big bang that occurred 13.8 billion years ago. Although this type of universe was proposed by Russian mathematician Aleksandr Friedmann and Belgian ...
- Expanding Universe
Expanding universe, dynamic state of the extragalactic...
- Expanding Universe
- The Emergence of Matter in The Universe
- Quantum Fluctuations and The Fabric of Spacetime
- Theoretical Physics and The Cosmos
- Cycles from Almost Nothing
- Penrose’s Theory of Conformal Cyclic Cosmology
- Philosophical Implications and Future Discoveries
- Penrose’s Cyclical Universe: A Myth Reborn
But before we get to that, let’s take a look at how “material” – physical matter – first came about. If we are aiming to explain the origins of stable matter made of atoms or molecules, there was certainly none of that around at the Big Bang– nor for hundreds of thousands of years afterwards. We do in fact have a pretty detailed understanding of ho...
But how did these particles come to exist in the first place? Quantum field theory tells us that even a vacuum, supposedly corresponding to empty spacetime, is full of physical activity in the form of energy fluctuations. These fluctuations can give rise to particles popping out, only to be disappear shortly after. This may sound like a mathematica...
We still don’t have a perfect theory of quantum gravity, but there are attempts – like string theory and loop quantum gravity. In these attempts, ordinary space and time are typically seen as emergent, like the waves on the surface of a deep ocean. What we experience as space and time are the product of quantum processes operating at a deeper, micr...
To truly answer the question of how something could arise from nothing, we would need to explain the quantum state of the entire universe at the beginning of the Planck epoch. All attempts to do this remain highly speculative. Some of them appeal to supernatural forces like a designer. But other candidate explanations remain within the realm of phy...
Conformal cyclic cosmology offers some detailed, albeit speculative, answers to the question of where our Big Bang came from. But even if Penrose’s vision is vindicated by the future progress of cosmology, we might think that we still wouldn’t have answered a deeper philosophical question – a question about where physical reality itself came from. ...
Penrose and his collaborators believe they may have spotted these traces already, attributing patterns in the Planck data to radiation from supermassive black holes in the previous universe. However, their claimed observations have been challenged by other physicistsand the jury remains out. Endless new cycles are key to Penrose’s own vision. But t...
For a philosopher of science, Penrose’s vision is fascinating. It opens up new possibilities for explaining the Big Bang, taking our explanations beyond ordinary cause and effect. It is therefore a great test case for exploring the different ways physics can explain our world. It deserves more attention from philosophers. For a lover of myth, Penro...
The Big Bang model is based on general relativity and other models from physics and is supported by much observational evidence. According to the Big Bang model, space is expanding and cooling, and every part of the Universe was once extremely hot and dense. The Universe—space, time, and all of the matter and energy in it—came into ...
Jan 17, 2024 · The Big Bang Theory stands as the prevailing cosmological model that describes the early development of the Universe. According to this theory, the Universe expanded from an extremely hot, dense state about 13.8 billion years ago and has continued to expand ever since. This framework for understanding the cosmic genesis offers explanations for ...
May 22, 2022 · Abstract big bang conceptual image. The Big Bang Theory is the most accepted cosmological model explaining the origin and evolution of the universe. The theory says that all the energy and ...
Feb 2, 2022 · Here’s how it works. This artist’s impression shows galaxies at a time less than a billion years after the Big Bang, when the universe was still partially filled with hydrogen fog that ...
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Jul 26, 2023 · Suddenly, an explosive expansion began, ballooning our universe outwards faster than the speed of light. This was a period of cosmic inflation that lasted mere fractions of a second — about 10 ...
