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Newton's law of universal gravitation says that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
- Overview
- Gravitation
- Planetary motion
- Second law
- Third Law
- Orbits
This article is about Kepler's laws of planetary motion which describe the motions of planets in the solar system that were derived by German astronomer Johannes Kepler with later contributions from Sir Isaac Newton for his law of gravitation. It also mentions how these laws apply not only to gravitational but also other inverse-square-law forces.
The article is about the laws of gravitation.
Kepler’s three laws describe the motions of planets in the solar system, including elliptical orbits and angular momentum.
A radius vector joining any planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal lengths of time.
The squares of sidereal periods are directly proportional to cubes of mean distances from Sun.
Laws apply not only to gravitational but also to all other inverse-square-law forces and electromagnetic forces within atom if allowance made for relativistic and quantum effects.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
For two bodies having masses m and M with a distance r between their centers of mass, the equation for Newton’s universal law of gravitation is F = G m M r 2 F = G m M r 2 where F is the magnitude of the gravitational force and G is a proportionality factor called the gravitational constant .
Vocabulary: Newton's law of universal gravitation, universal grav-itational constant. K2. Use Newton's law of universal gravitation, your correctly remem-bered value of g, and a solar system data table, to calculate the value of the universal gravitational constant G.
We use Newton’s law of gravitation to determine the force between them and then use Newton’s second law to find the acceleration of each.
Apr 10, 2024 · Newton’s Law of Gravitation. Newton’s law of gravitation can be expressed as \[\vec{F}_{12} = G \frac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}} \hat{r}_{12} \label{13.1}\] where \(\vec{F}_{12}\) is the force on object 1 exerted by object 2 and \(\hat{r}_{12}\) is a unit vector that points from object 1 toward object 2.
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Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. The gravitational acceleration, g depends on the distance, r, between the object and the earth’s center of mass. Equation (1) can be generalized for the gravitational force between two objects with masses m and M, for which M in eqn. (1)
