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Feb 1, 2024 · For oral dosage form (tablets): For anxiety: Adults and children 12 years of age and older—At first, 2 to 3 milligrams (mg) in divided doses per day. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed. Older adults—At first, 1 to 2 mg in divided doses per day. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed and tolerated.
For anxiety: Adults—10 to 30 milligrams (mg) 3 or 4 times a day. Older adults—At first, 10 mg 3 times a day. Your doctor may increase your dose if needed. Children 6 years of age and older—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor. Children younger than 6 years of age—Use is not recommended. For alcohol withdrawal:
These antidepressants generally cause fewer bothersome side effects and are less likely to cause problems at higher therapeutic doses than other types of antidepressants. SSRIs include fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), sertraline (Zoloft), citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro). Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake ...
- There are a number of antidepressants available that work in slightly different ways and have different side effects. When prescribing an antidepre...
- Most antidepressants are generally safe, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that all antidepressants carry black box warnings, the...
- To get the best results from an antidepressant: 1. Be patient. Once you and your doctor have selected an antidepressant, you may start to see impro...
- Overview
- Anxiety and insomnia
- Medications for anxiety and insomnia
- Stopping medication
- Other treatment options
- When to speak with a doctor
- Summary
The best medication for anxiety and insomnia is likely to be different for each individual. Sleep aids, antidepressants, and other medications can address both anxiety and insomnia.
Anxiety and insomnia are both significant public health concerns. One-third of adults in the United States report not reaching the recommended amount of sleep, while about 20% live with a mental illness.
Just as anxiety can make it difficult to fall and stay asleep, sleep deprivation can make anxiety worse. Both can impact a person physically, mentally, and emotionally.
Certain prescription medicines can treat anxiety and sleep problems, such as insomnia.
Anxiety is an emotion that involves feelings of worry, tension, and uneasiness. Most people experience some level of anxiety from time to time.
Feelings of intense distress and fear become irrational, persistent, and excessive to the point that they hinder people with anxiety disorders from performing their daily activities. These feelings are out of proportion to the actual situation and are challenging to control.
Insomnia, characterized by a person’s inability to fall and stay asleep, is the most common sleep disorder. Doctors have long recognized sleep problems to be a symptom of anxiety disorders. Insomnia is also an independent risk factor for the development of anxiety.
People with anxiety commonly present with insomnia symptoms, sleep apnea, poor sleep quality, and excessive sleepiness while awake.
Healthcare professionals will usually recommend lifestyle changes and behavioral therapies as the first course of action for people experiencing anxiety and insomnia. If this doesn’t help, they may then prescribe medications.
Learn more about treatments for anxiety.
The type of medication a doctor recommends will depend on a person’s age, health status, personal preferences, and severity of symptoms. They may decide to treat the two conditions separately or simultaneously.
There are different types of medication doctors may prescribe for anxiety and insomnia. These include:
•Sleep aids (non-benzodiazepines): Sleep aids are prescription medications individuals with insomnia widely use. They help people fall asleep or stay asleep. Non-benzodiazepines, also called “Z” drugs, have fewer reports of dependency, abuse potential, rebound insomnia, and interactions with other medications. Examples of non-benzodiazepines include zolpidem (Ambien), eszopiclone (Lunesta), and zaleplon (Sonata).
•Benzodiazepines: Doctors prescribe benzodiazepines to treat insomnia or anxiety that is disabling, severe, and causing extreme distress. Diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), and triazolam (Halcion) are examples of benzodiazepines. Long-acting benzodiazepines like diazepam may be better for individuals experiencing early wakefulness or those who need help with anxiety throughout their day. However, they have side effects and may cause dependence and rebound symptoms.
It is essential to follow your healthcare professional’s advice when it is time to stop taking these drugs. While not all of these drugs have withdrawal symptoms, doctors generally recommend slowly decreasing the use of these medications.
Sleeping medications increase or alter how the brain interacts with chemicals like GABA and serotonin. Stopping these medications suddenly may lead to a drop in these chemicals. This sudden change in brain chemistry can lead to withdrawals, including rebound anxiety and rebound insomnia.
A person should also take these medications as prescribed. Most of these prescription medications are for short-term use only. A doctor may increase the dosages for some people if they feel the medications are not working effectively.
Learn more about the symptoms of addiction.
Lifestyle changes
Changing certain habits and adopting new ones can help improve anxiety symptoms and insomnia. These include: •practicing good sleep hygiene •maintaining a healthy diet •quitting smoking •avoiding stimulants, such as coffee and other caffeinated drinks •getting regular exercise
Behavior therapies
Below are other non-drug treatments a person with anxiety and insomnia can explore: •cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with or without relaxation therapy •light therapy •sleep restriction therapy •stimulus control therapy •relaxation training, including autogenic training and progressive muscle relaxation •paradoxical intention •biofeedback Read more on different ways to improve sleep.
Both anxiety and insomnia can significantly affect a person’s quality of life.
Occasional bouts of anxiety and sleeplessness are not a cause of concern. However, if symptoms persist, worsen, or begin to negatively affect a person’s relationships and performance in activities, it may be time to seek help.
A person taking medications for anxiety and insomnia should inform a doctor of any side effects they experience. They should also tell a doctor if the medications seem to have lost their effectiveness or if they plan to take another medication for their insomnia or anxiety.
Learn more about coping with anxiety.
Anxiety and insomnia are common disorders that often trigger or worsen the other. When lifestyle changes and behavior therapies do not work, doctors may prescribe medications for them.
Many medications can address both conditions. These medications alter brain chemistry to help relax a person and induce sleep.
A person should take them as prescribed to prevent adverse reactions. People should never abruptly stop taking their medication or increase their dosage without consulting a doctor, as this may cause severe withdrawal symptoms.
People should inform a doctor if they do not feel any improvement in their symptoms or find their symptoms worsening.
Jul 16, 2024 · These antidepressants generally cause fewer bothersome side effects and are less likely to cause problems at higher therapeutic doses than other types of antidepressants. SSRIs include fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), sertraline (Zoloft), citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro).
Feb 6, 2024 · Examples include citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): These antidepressants ease depression by increasing serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Examples include venlafaxine (Effexor XR), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq ...
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Jun 17, 2021 · Notable limitations of the studies include lower dosages (2.5–10 mg vs. usual maximum for depression of 20 mg, and short duration of 8 weeks). Vortioxetine has demonstrated cognitive-enhancing effects among patients with major depressive disorder, which may also be advantageous in the population with generalized anxiety disorder because concentration difficulties are part of the core symptom ...
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