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RIPA in the Los Angeles Police Department: Technical Report. EMILY OWENS and JACLYN ROSENQUIST. OCTOBER 2020. CONTENTS. Neighborhoods and RIPA stops in Los Angeles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. Police contact and neighborhood demographics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 .
- RACIAL AND IDENTITY PROFILING ADVISORY (RIPA) BOARD
- Editors
- Additional Editors and Contributors
- Project Supervisors
- Recommendations for Law Enforcement Agencies
- Recommendations for Community Members
- Recommendations for Policymakers
- Recommendations for POST
- Potential Sources of Disparities Observed in the Stop Data
- Discovery Rate Differences from White Rate for Known Supervision Searches
- Conclusion
- Information Regarding Stop
- Information Regarding Officer’s Perception of Person Stopped
- Key Terms
- 1.5.3 Veil of Darkness Analysis
- 1.7.1 Intersectional Analyses
- Agencies Reported That They Analyze Stop Data
- 1. Data Tracking and Transparency
- 4. Supervisory Oversight
- 5. Clear Policies and Pathways
- 6. Misconduct Complaints
- 8. Community-Based Accountability
- Vision for Future Reports
- Responding to a Mental Health Crisis
- - Vinny Eng
- Agencies that Reported Taking Actions in Response to the RIPA Board’s Recommendations Regarding Civilian Complaint Procedures
- U.S. DOJ EIS Recommendations
- Examples of EIS in Practice: Phoenix and Seattle Police Department
- Vision for Future Reports
- LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING RELATED TO RACIAL AND IDENTITY PROFILING
- Their Training
SAHAR DURALI (Co-Chair), Associate Director of Litigation and Policy, Neighborhood Legal Services of Los Angeles; Appointed by the Attorney General of California CHIEF DAVID SWING (Co-Chair), Chief, Pleasanton Police Department; Representative of the California Police Chiefs Association SANDRA C. BROWN, Lieutenant (ret.), Palo Alto Police Departme...
California Department of Justice, Civil Rights Enforcement Section (CRES) Domonique C. Alcaraz, Deputy Attorney General, CRES Allison S. Elgart, Deputy Attorney General, CRES Tanya Koshy, Deputy Attorney General, CRES Kendal Micklethwaite, Deputy Attorney General, CRES Aisha Martin-Walton, Retired Annuitant, CRES Anna Rick, Associate Governmental P...
Erin Choi, Program Manager, CJIS Kimberly Hewitt, Field Representative, CJIS Anthony Jackson, Senior Legal Analyst, CRES Kenneth Keating, Staff Services Manager, CJIS Joanne Kemmer, Field Representative, CJIS Audra Opdyke, Assistant Director, CJIS Alison Steen, Field Representative, CJIS Christine Sun, Special Assistant to the Attorney General, Exe...
Nancy A. Beninati, Supervising Deputy Attorney General, Civil Rights Enforcement Section Dr. Tiffany Jantz, Research Data Supervisor, Research Center The RIPA Board would like to thank this year’s outgoing Board members Sheriff David Robinson, Micah Ali, Oscar Bobrow, Pastor J. Edgar Boyd, Andrea Guerrero, Edward Medrano, Douglas Oden, Timothy P. S...
Policies: The Board has drawn from a range of law enforcement, academic, governmental, and nonprofit organizations with expertise in addressing racial and identity profiling to provide recommendations to law enforcement agencies. These recommendations do not represent the full extent of best practices, but they provide a starting point upon which ...
The Report contains recommendations that advocates and community members can use to engage with policymakers and law enforcement to improve policies and accountability. The Board hopes that community members will work with law enforcement and policymakers to implement community-based solutions generally, and specifically, to respond to mental heal...
To reduce the disparities between groups who are more and less likely to come into contact with law enforcement, the Board urges policymakers to engage with impacted communities to prioritize housing, education, health care, and broader criminal justice system reforms, in addition to changes to law enforcement agency practices. The Board further r...
This year several Board members had the opportunity to review two trainings related to racial and identity profiling that were in the pre-production stage within POST, an independent state agency that is tasked with providing minimum selection and training standards for California law enforcement. One of the Board’s statutory duties is to work wit...
Consistent with the Board’s mandate to evaluate and eliminate racial and identity profiling in policing, the Report explores several potential driving forces shaping the patterns of stop data disparities revealed in the last two years of data collection. The Report discusses explicit bias, including recent examples of racist social media postings ...
Asian Black Hispanic Middle Multiracial Eastern/South Asian Native American Pacific Islander
The Board remains committed to fulfilling the promise of the Racial and Identity Profiling Act to eliminate racial and identity profiling and improve law enforcement-community relations. The stop data results demonstrate there is significant work to be done to prevent further disparities in who is stopped, how they are treated when stopped, and th...
Date, Time, and Duration Location Reason for Stop Was Stop in Response to Call for Service? Actions Taken During Stop Contraband or Evidence Discovered Property Seized Result of Stop
Perceived Race or Ethnicity Perceived Age Perceived Gender Perceived to be LGBT Limited or No English Fluency Perceived or Known Disability
Call for service – a stop made in response to a call for service, radio call or dispatch
A key problem in exploring racial disparities is establishing the proper benchmark against which to compare the racial/ethnic distribution of individuals stopped by law enforcement. One approach presumes that it may be more difficult for police to perceive the race/ethnicity of an individual prior to stopping them after dark than during daylight. ...
The Board recognizes that many aspects of an individual’s identity may intersect, resulting in different experiences during encounters with law enforcement. Disparities in stop frequencies and outcomes between racial/ethnicity groups, for example, may be best explained when considering how the outcomes for perceived race/ethnicity intersect with a...
California Highway Patrol Long Beach PD Los Angeles County SD Los Angeles PD Oakland PD Orange County SD San Bernardino County SD San Diego County SD San Diego PD San Francisco PD The San Francisco Police Department additionally reported that they analyzed complaints of bias. The Oakland Police Department indicated that they conduct analyses with ...
Foundational to any accountability system is data collection and data tracking. Data should be collected on various types of police actions – not just use of force or arrests, but also, for example, the type and number of civilian complaints or adverse comments lodged, failure to activate body worn cameras, vehicle crashes, failure to attend or co...
Strong accountability systems include a sufficient number of supervising officers, adequate training for effective supervision, and workloads that allow supervisors to be effective in their oversight responsibilities. Supervisory staff should be proactive, engaged, and consistent in their supervision of line officers. It is critical that there ar...
While it is evident that any department policy on bias-free policing or ensuring adherence to bias-free policing should be crystal clear to line officers, first-line supervisors, and all other staff, the Board will examine how to ensure that there are no doubts about what an agency prohibits and to impel agency action when an officer does not adher...
In general, agencies with strong accountability systems investigate all complaints made by members of the public and those made from within the agency. The Board plans to explore how best practices can guarantee that all complaints will be fairly and thoroughly investigated. Thus, agencies must ensure that members of the public have access to sub...
For law enforcement agencies to fully practice accountability, the community must be included in those efforts to keep individual officers and the agency as a whole accountable. The Board will review avenues for community involvement, including community participation in oversight, advisory, or disciplinary boards. There are important considerati...
In the coming years, the Board hopes to conduct more comprehensive research – examining both current agency policies and protocols and evidence-based research – into each area of accountability systems to identify best practices.
“Over the years, reductions in state and local budgets have slashed funding for mental health services, homelessness, and substance abuse and recovery services; offender reentry programs; educational and vocational training opportunities; and programs that promote economic improvement. By default, police agencies have been required to fill the void...
The Board has started to examine several types of crisis intervention strategies from around the country in its exploration of developing best practices and model polices. There is no one-size-fits-all solution – each person and each crisis is different. Likewise, each community has different needs and gaps in social services that must be address...
Kern County Sheriff San Diego Police Orange County Sheriff San Francisco Police Sacramento Police Santa Clara County Sheriff San Bernardino County Sheriff A few agencies provided examples of the actions they took. “[SFPD] looked at complaints of bias by percentage and quantity comparatively. Findings were captured in the department’s public quarter...
Alameda County SO Bakersfield PD CHP Fresno PD Los Angeles PD Orange County SD Riverside County SD Sacramento PD San Bernardino County SD San Diego County SD San Diego PD San Francisco PD San Jose PD Stockton PD Los Angeles County SD Ten agencies described how they incorporated the Board’s recommendations into their training. Alameda County SO: r...
Alameda County SO Bakersfield PD CHP Fresno PD Los Angeles PD Orange County SD Riverside County SD Sacramento PD San Bernardino County SD San Diego County SD San Diego PD San Francisco PD San Jose PD Stockton PD Los Angeles County SD Ten agencies described how they incorporated the Board’s recommendations into their training. Alameda County SO: r...
Alameda County SO Bakersfield PD CHP Fresno PD Los Angeles PD Orange County SD Riverside County SD Sacramento PD San Bernardino County SD San Diego County SD San Diego PD San Francisco PD San Jose PD Stockton PD Los Angeles County SD Ten agencies described how they incorporated the Board’s recommendations into their training. Alameda County SO: r...
Alameda County SO Bakersfield PD CHP Fresno PD Los Angeles PD Orange County SD Riverside County SD Sacramento PD San Bernardino County SD San Diego County SD San Diego PD San Francisco PD San Jose PD Stockton PD Los Angeles County SD Ten agencies described how they incorporated the Board’s recommendations into their training. Alameda County SO: r...
Alameda County SO Bakersfield PD CHP Fresno PD Los Angeles PD Orange County SD Riverside County SD Sacramento PD San Bernardino County SD San Diego County SD San Diego PD San Francisco PD San Jose PD Stockton PD Los Angeles County SD Ten agencies described how they incorporated the Board’s recommendations into their training. Alameda County SO: r...
In 2020, the state RIPA Advisory Board released its third annual report, available here. The 2020 board report’s primary analysis uses benchmarking techniques to identify sources of bias, focusing on aggregate outcomes across the state of California as well as within each agency (i.e. the LAPD).
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The Los Angeles Review of Los Angeles. Issue Number Nineteen. August 2024. PDF, 7096 kB. Issue Number Eighteen. July 2023. PDF, 4864 kB. Issue Number Seventeen.
2021 RIPA Report Quick Facts. Between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019, the 15 largest law enforcement agencies in California collected data on nearly 4 million vehicle and pedestrian stops. RIPA defines a stop as a detention or search.
Under RIPA, officers can choose up to 13 different results, which include issuing a citation, giving a warning, and making an arrest. Overall, the most common results of the stops involved a citation (52.0 percent), a warning (26.3 percent), and an arrest (12.8 percent).
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Oct 27, 2020 · This report offers a place-based analysis of Los Angeles Police Department stops from July 2018 to October 2019 to discern patterns in RIPA data.
