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Aug 1, 2023 · In psychology, expectancy effects are another name for the observer effect, both of which are a form of reactivity (Harris & Rosenthal, 1985). As such, while participant bias refers to the participant responding in a way they think the researcher wants, the observer effect occurs when the researcher themselves acts in a way that biases the participant’s behavior.
Jul 1, 2011 · This study also takes away a potential criticism (e.g., Koedinger & Aleven, 2007) of previous studies on the worked example effect in which examples only (e.g., Van Gerven et al., 2002, Van Gog et al., 2006) or example-problem pairs (e.g., Cooper and Sweller, 1987, Kalyuga et al., 2001, Sweller and Cooper, 1985) were typically compared to problem solving only: that the benefit over problem ...
- Tamara van Gog, Tamara van Gog, Liesbeth Kester, Fred Paas, Fred Paas
- 2011
Research has demonstrated that instruction that relies more heavily on example study is more effective for novices’ learning than instruction consisting of problem solving. However, ‘a heavier reliance on example study’ has been implemented in different ways. For example, worked examples only (WE), example-problem pairs (WE-PS), or problem-example pairs (PS-WE) have been used. This study ...
Summary. When people encounter a novel problem, they might be reminded of a problem they solved previously, retrieve its solution, and use it, possibly with some adaptation, to solve the novel problem. This sequence of events, or “problem-solving transfer,” has important cognitive benefits: It saves the effort needed for derivation of new ...
- Miriam Bassok
- 2003
Mar 2, 2017 · Investigator effects occur when a researcher unintentionally, or unconsciously influences the outcome of any research they are conducting. This can be done in several ways. 1 Non-verbal communication. The researcher can communicate their feelings about what they are observing without realising that they have done so.
Mar 5, 2020 · Read Summary. This essay will discuss a fictional case study of ‘Jake,’ focusing on his struggles with anxiety. It will explore the symptoms, triggers, and treatment options, providing insights into managing this common mental health issue. Also at PapersOwl you can find more free essay examples related to Adolescence.
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May 19, 2021 · Here, to find a solution to one problem - the so called target problem, an analogous solution to another problem - the source problem, is presented. An example for this kind of strategy is the radiation problem posed by K. Duncker in 1945: “As a doctor you have to treat a patient with a malignant, inoperable tumour, buried deep inside the body.
