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Jan 18, 2019 · Morality indicates what is the “right” and “wrong” way to behave, for instance, that one should be fair and not unfair to others (Haidt & Kesebir, 2010). This is considered of interest to explain the social behavior of individuals living together in groups (Gert, 1988).
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Current attempts to understand and combat intrapersonal moral hypocrisy are aided by moral pluralism, the idea that there are many different moral values, which may come into conflict both between and within individuals.
- Jesse Graham, Peter Meindl, Spassena Koleva, Ravi Iyer, Kate M. Johnson
- 2015
- Understanding Moral Behavior
- Intrapersonal Mechanisms
- Interpersonal Mechanisms
- Intragroup Mechanisms
- Seminal Publications
- Observed Trends and Neglected Issues
- Imbalance in Research Themes Addressed and Mechanisms Examined
- Key Characteristics of Human Morality Remain Underexamined in Research
- The Paradox of Morality
- Conclusion
- Authors’ Note
- Declaration of Conflicting Interests
- Funding
- Supplemental Material
Our conclusion so far is that researchers in social psychology have displayed a considerable interest in examining topics relating to morality. However, it is not self-evident how the multitude of research topics and issues that are addressed in this literature can be organized. This is why we set out to organize the available research in this area...
All the ways in which people consider, think, and reason by themselves to determine what is morally right refer to intra-personal mechanisms. Even if these considerations are elic-ited by social norms or reflect the behavior observed in others, it is important to assess the extent to which they emerge as guiding principles for individuals to be use...
The way people relate to others, respond to their moral behaviors, and connect to them tap into interpersonal mech-anisms. Again we note that such mechanisms are relevant for research questions in all five research themes, as relations with others can inform the way people reason about morality, the way they judge other individuals or groups, the w...
The role of moral concerns in defining group norms, the ten-dency of individuals to conform to such norms, and their resulting inclusion versus exclusion from the group all indi-cate intragroup mechanisms relevant to morality. Considering how groups influence individuals is relevant for our under-standing of the way people reason about morality and...
We identified two types of seminal publications. First, we assessed which (theoretical or empirical) publications out-side our set (excluding methodological publications) are most frequently cited in the publications we examined. Second, we determined which of the empirical publications within our set have received an outstanding number of citation...
Substantial knowledge has accumulated about the way peo-ple think about morality; however, we know much less about how this affects their moral behavior. We draw this conclu-sion based on the observation that by far most of the pub-lished studies in our review have addressed issues relating to moral reasoning—what people consider right and wrong wa...
A second conclusion relates to the choices researchers have made in directing their efforts to examine different issues relating to morality. Our classification of this body of research into distinct themes addressed and types of mechanisms examined has allowed us to quantify and characterize these choices. The comparison of studies carried out to ...
A third conclusion emerging from this review is that there is a disjoint between seminal theoretical approaches to human morality and empirical work that is carried out. Our identification of seminal publications revealed that the the-oretical perspectives that we have used to derive key char-acteristics of human morality are also the ones that are...
The increased interest of psychological researchers in issues relating to morality was prompted at least partly by societal developments during the past years. These have raised ques-tions from the general public and made available research funds to address issues relating to civic conduct, ethical lead-ership, and moral behavior in various profess...
During the past years, many researchers have examined questions relating to the psychology of morality. Our main conclusion from the studies reviewed here is that these have yielded insights that are unbalanced, neglect some key fea-tures of human morality specified in influential theoretical perspectives, and are not well integrated. The current c...
This research was made possible by a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) SPINOZA grant and a National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS) Fellowship grant awarded to the first author and an NWO RUBICON grant awarded to the sec-ond author. We thank Jamie Breukel, Nadia Buiter, Kai van Eekelen, Piet Groot, Miriam Hoffmann-Harnisch...
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, author-ship, and/or publication of this article.
Supplemental material is available online with this article.
Mar 11, 2013 · On a reason model, moral thinking is dominated by “thinking”—of the conscious, controlled sort. In other words, most of the time, for most of moral thinking, people consult explicit moral principles or theories, engage in conscious reasoning, and in general behave as rational agents.
First, there are a number of basic kinds of moral theory that have persisted in a recognizable form for many generations - theories like virtue ethics, deontology, contractualism and utilitarianism. Specific details of each theory are malleable, but certain core concepts reliably attract philosophical attention. Second, there are a number of ...
In addition to the expedients considered here, realists may plausibly appeal to, inter alia, requirements for internal coherence and the different “levels” of moral thought (theoretical v. popular, abstract v. concrete, general v. particular) at which moral disagreement may or may not be manifested. Brink (1989: 197–210) and Loeb (1998) offer valuable discussions with considerably more ...
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Mar 5, 2024 · A moral dilemma is a situation that involves making a difficult choice between two or more morally conflicting options or actions. It often arises when an individual or group is faced with a decision that involves ethical principles, values, or beliefs.
