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Between 1 January to 22 May 2022, the health authorities of the Republic of Iraq notified WHO of 212 cases of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), of which 115 (54%) were suspected and 97 (46%) laboratory-confirmed; there were 27 deaths, 14 in suspected cases and 13 in laboratory confirmed cases. The number of cases reported in the first five months of 2022 is much higher than that reported ...
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
The Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus causes...
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
Iraq continues to report an uptick in Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever as . the confirmed cases increased to 377 from January to mid-July this year and the mortality rate reached 14%, raising concerns on how effectively the Iraqi Government can control the current outbreak. A viral tick-borne disease that is primarily transmitted from infected
The number of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever cases in Iraq during 2021–2023 was very high (986 confirmed cases). For the first time since the first reported case in 1979, the epidemic severely affected the southern provinces especially Dhi-Qar. More than half (52.8%) of the patients reported contact with animal, 45.7% reported
Dec 15, 2023 · Factsheet. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in humans is a disease caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV). CCHFV is transmitted by bites from infected ticks (mainly of the Hyalomma genus) or by direct contact with blood or tissues of infected ticks, viraemic patients or viraemic livestock. Due to the involvement of ticks and vertebrates in the ...
- The Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus in Animals and Ticks
- Transmission
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention and Control
- Who Response
The hosts of the CCHF virus include a wide range of wild and domestic animals such as cattle, sheep and goats. Many birds are resistant to infection, but ostriches are susceptible and may show a high prevalence of infection in endemic areas, where they have been at the origin of human cases. For example, a former outbreak occurred at an ostrich aba...
The CCHF virus is transmitted to people either by tick bites or through contact with infected animal blood or tissues during and immediately after slaughter. The majority of cases have occurred in people involved in the livestock industry, such as agricultural workers, slaughterhouse workers and veterinarians. Human-to-human transmission can occur ...
The length of the incubation period depends on the mode of acquisition of the virus. Following infection by a tick bite, the incubation period is usually one to three days, with a maximum of nine days. The incubation period following contact with infected blood or tissues is usually five to six days, with a documented maximum of 13 days. Onset of s...
CCHF virus infection can be diagnosed by several different laboratory tests: 1. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ; 2. antigen detection; 3. serum neutralization; 4. reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay; and 5. virus isolation by cell culture. Patients with fatal disease, as well as in patients in the first few day...
General supportive care with treatment of symptoms is the main approach to managing CCHF in people. The antiviral drug ribavirin has been used to treat CCHF infection with apparent benefit. Both oral and intravenous formulations seem to be effective.
Controlling CCHF in animals and ticks
Ticks of the genus Hyalomma are the principal vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Photo: Robert Swanepoel/NICD South Africa It is difficult to prevent or control CCHF infection in animals and ticks as the tick-animal-tick cycle usually goes unnoticed and the infection in domestic animals is usually not apparent. Furthermore, the tick vectors are numerous and widespread, so tick control with acaricides (chemicals intended to kill ticks) is only a realistic option for well-managed lives...
Reducing the risk of infection in people
Although an inactivated, mouse brain-derived vaccine against CCHF has been developed and used on a small scale in eastern Europe, there is currently no safe and effective vaccine widely available for human use. In the absence of a vaccine, the only way to reduce infection in people is by raising awareness of the risk factors and educating people about the measures they can take to reduce exposure to the virus. Public health advice should focus on several aspects. 1. Reducing the risk of tick-...
Controlling infection in health-care settings
Health-care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed CCHF, or handling specimens from them, should implement standard infection control precautions. These include basic hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe injection practices and safe burial practices. As a precautionary measure, health-care workers caring for patients immediately outside the CCHF outbreak area should also implement standard infection control precautions. Samples taken from people with suspe...
WHO is working with partners to support CCHF surveillance, diagnostic capacity and outbreak response activities in Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. WHO also provides documentation to help disease investigation and control, and has created an aide–memoire on standard precautions in health care, which is intended to reduce the risk of transm...
Detecting antibodies, the virus's RNA, or viral proteins (antigens). [1] Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral disease. [1] Symptoms of CCHF may include fever, muscle pains, headache, vomiting due to loss of net saline of basal cells, diarrhea, and bleeding into the skin. [1] Onset of symptoms is less than two weeks following ...
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Jun 1, 2022 · More. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral haemorrhagic fever usually transmitted by ticks. It can also be contracted through contact with viraemic animal tissues (animal tissue where the virus has entered the bloodstream) during and immediately post-slaughter of animals. CCHF outbreaks constitute a threat to public health ...
