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People also ask
Is hypothyroidism an autoimmune disease?
What does hypothyroidism mean?
What is autoimmune thyroiditis?
Does Hashimoto's thyroiditis cause hypothyroidism?
Apr 22, 2021 · The thing to understand about Hashimoto’s disease is that it is basically a variant of hypothyroidism, caused specifically by autoimmunity; the thyroid gets infiltrated by white cells and slowly loses its function; it usually enlarges but may not, and may start with an over-active phase before becoming under-active.
A condition called Hashimoto's disease is the most common type of autoimmune reaction that causes an underactive thyroid. It's not clear what causes Hashimoto's disease, but it runs in families. It's also common in people with another immune system disorder, such as type 1 diabetes and vitiligo.
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- Overview
- Is hypothyroidism always an autoimmune disease?
- Which type of hypothyroidism is autoimmune?
- What causes Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
- Risk factors for autoimmune thyroid disease
- Treatment for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- Bottom line
Hypothyroidism is often caused by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease, but it can also result from other factors, such as iodine deficiency.
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to a slowdown in the body’s metabolism. This can cause various symptoms, such as fatigue, weight gain, cold sensitivity, and cognitive problems.
Common causes of hypothyroidism
Common causes of hypothyroidism include: •Autoimmune diseases (i.e., Hashimoto’s thyroiditis): Autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis involve the immune system attacking the thyroid gland, which eventually leads to hypothyroidism. Graves’ disease, another autoimmune condition, initially causes hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), but it may eventually lead to hypothyroidism due to treatment or other factors. •Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland): Inflammation of the thyroid gland, often due to viral infections or autoimmune processes, can lead to temporary or permanent hypothyroidism. •Certain medications (i.e., lithium): Some medications, like lithium (often used for bipolar disorder), can interfere with thyroid function and cause hypothyroidism. •Iodine deficiency: A lack of sufficient dietary iodine can impair the thyroid’s ability to produce thyroid hormones, leading to hypothyroidism. •Thyroid surgery or radiation therapy: Surgical removal of the thyroid gland or radiation treatment for thyroid cancer or other head and neck cancers can result in reduced thyroid function. •Pituitary gland or hypothalamus disorders: Problems with the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, which are involved in regulating thyroid hormone production, can result in secondary hypothyroidism. •Congenital thyroid disorders (present at birth): Some babies are born with an underdeveloped or absent thyroid gland, leading to congenital hypothyroidism. •Aging-related changes in the thyroid gland: As people age, the thyroid gland may function less efficiently, resulting in age-related hypothyroidism.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis symptoms
Common symptoms of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may include: •fatigue and low energy •dry and pale skin •hair problems (dry, coarse, brittle, hair loss) •slowed heart rate •muscle weakness and cramps •cold intolerance •constipation •weight gain •mood changes (depression, memory loss) •swelling in the face and hands •brittle nails •hoarse voice or neck pressure from an enlarged thyroid (goiter)
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is caused by an autoimmune response in which your body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland.
Twin studies show that genetic factors play a significant role, with a 55% chance of both identical twins having the condition, compared to only 3% in nonidentical twins.
The risk factors for autoimmune thyroid disease include:
•family history of thyroid or other autoimmune diseases
•being female (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is 4–10 times more common in women than men)
•certain genetic factors
•exposure to environmental factors such as low iodine intake and smoking
•age (more common as people get older)
The treatment for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis aims to manage the symptoms and maintain standard thyroid hormone levels. It typically involves:
•Levothyroxine medication: A synthetic form of thyroid hormone, levothyroxine, is prescribed to replace the deficient thyroid hormone and restore standard levels in the body.
•Blood tests: Blood tests are routinely given to check thyroid hormone levels and adjust medication dosage if needed.
•Lifestyle changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management, can support your overall well-being.
•Avoiding goitrogenic foods: Some foods can interfere with thyroid function, so it’s advised to limit the consumption of goitrogenic foods like raw cruciferous vegetables (i.e., broccoli, cauliflower) that can affect thyroid hormone production.
•Managing other conditions: If there are other autoimmune diseases or conditions associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, these should be treated and managed.
Hypothyroidism can have multiple causes, with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis being the most common autoimmune factor. Other triggers include iodine deficiency, infections, medications, and more.
If you think you have hypothyroidism, seek a medical evaluation to get an accurate diagnosis and get started on treatment. With the support of healthcare professionals, you’ll be able to effectively manage the condition and improve your quality of life.
- Traci Pedersen
Jan 15, 2022 · In Hashimoto's disease, immune-system cells lead to the death of the thyroid's hormone-producing cells. The disease usually results in a decline in hormone production (hypothyroidism). Although anyone can develop Hashimoto's disease, it's most common among middle-aged women.
Sep 18, 2023 · Hypothyroidism itself isn’t always autoimmune in origin. However, some people with hypothyroidism have it from autoimmune disease.
An underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) is where your thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. Common signs of an underactive thyroid are tiredness, weight gain and feeling depressed. An underactive thyroid can often be successfully treated by taking daily hormone tablets to replace the hormones your thyroid is not making.
Autoimmune thyroid disease – the most common cause. This is a self-destructive process in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid cells as though they were foreign cells. The most common form is known as ‘ Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ’. Radioactive iodine treatment, or thyroidectomy, to correct hyperthyroidism or to treat thyroid cancer.
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