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1. • • An intelligent system (1) operates in an environment with other agents, (2) possesses cognitive abilities such as perception, action control, deliberative reasoning or language use, (3) follows behavioral principles based on rationality and social norms and (4) has the capacity to adapt through learning.
     www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/intelligent-system

     What is an intelligent system and how does it work? - TechTarget

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   What is a sociology of artificial intelligence?

   • This article outlines a research agenda for a sociology of artificial intelligence (AI). The authors review two areas in which sociological theories and methods have made significant contributions to the study of inequalities and AI: (1) the politics of algorithms, data, and code and (2) the social shaping of AI in practice.

   Toward a Sociology of Artificial Intelligence: A Call for Research on

   journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2378023121999581

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   What is the sociology of AI?

   • Eventually, the sociology of AI should aim to examine AI development in all dimensions in which AI technologies interact with social actors, affect social relations, shift social structures and remake social realities––including in ways we may not have the capacity to fully imagine and grasp today.

   Sociological perspectives on artificial intelligence: A typological

   compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/soc4.12851

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   Is Ai a sociotechnical system?

   • If we consider AI as a sociotechnical system, we are to include all participants in the process of construction in a co-creation approach. Hence, research could also shed light on the legitimization mechanisms underlying the relationship between social and artificial agents.

   A sociotechnical perspective for the future of AI: narratives

   link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-022-09624-3

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   What is the relationship between AI and Social Sciences?

   • The interaction between AI and social sciences is a “fruitful arrangement.” While social sciences contribute to the development of socio-beneficial systems—or even in the development of AI techniques—AI research has been contributing back to sociological research.

   A sociotechnical perspective for the future of AI: narratives

   link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-022-09624-3

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   Are AI systems blind to social complexity?

   • To be more explicit, in the former case AI systems are more probably blind to social complexity (inequality, diversity, power structures) while in the latter sociological possibilities could inform and drive technological development. Here lies a strong potential for innovation in the current general discourse on AI.

   A sociotechnical perspective for the future of AI: narratives

   link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-022-09624-3

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   Is Ai a socially constituted enterprise?

   • For some sociologists, AI is not only a socially constituted enterprise, but also socially constituting in the sense that when implemented in a social environment an AI system can assume social roles, enact social practices and form social relations.

   Sociological perspectives on artificial intelligence: A typological

   compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/soc4.12851

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3. journals.sagepub.com › doi › fullToward a Sociology of Artificial Intelligence: A Call for ...

   journals.sagepub.com › doi › full

   Mar 18, 2021 · This article outlines a research agenda for a sociology of artificial intelligence (AI). The authors review two areas in which sociological theories and methods have made significant contributions to the study of inequalities and AI: (1) the politics of algorithms, data, and code and (2) the social shaping of AI in practice.

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4. compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › fullSociological perspectives on artificial intelligence: A ...

   compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › full

   Feb 18, 2021 · On this basis, Woolgar goes on to call for the development of a sociology of machines to analyse how AI systems function like human social actors to form social relations and construct social realities.

   • Author: Zheng Liu
   • Published: 18 February 2021

   • Cited By: 25
   • Volume: 15, Issue3

5. www.annualreviews.org › content › journalsArtificial Social Intelligence - Annual Reviews

   www.annualreviews.org › content › journals

   Sociologists have begun to explore the gains for theory and research that might be achieved by artificial intelligence technology: symbolic processors, expert systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and classifier systems.

6. link.springer.com › article › 10AI and social theory | AI & SOCIETY - Springer

   link.springer.com › article › 10

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   May 12, 2021 · In this paper, we sketch a programme for AI-driven social theory. First, we define what we mean by artificial intelligence (AI) in this context. We go on to outline a model for how AI-systems can leverage the growing availability of data to test hypotheses and generate new theories.

   • Author: Jakob Mökander, Ralph Schroeder

   • Publish Year: 2021

7. compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › fullArtificial intelligence, algorithms, and social inequality ...

   compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › full

   Feb 2, 2022 · Artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic systems have been criticized for perpetuating bias, unjust discrimination, and contributing to inequality. Artificial intelligence researchers have remained largely oblivious to existing scholarship on social inequality, but a growing number of sociologists are now addressing the social ...

   • Author: Mike Zajko
   • Published: 02 February 2022

   • Cited By: 6
   • Volume: 16, Issue3

8. link.springer.com › article › 10A sociotechnical perspective for the future of AI: narratives ...

   link.springer.com › article › 10

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   Jan 24, 2022 · A sociology for AI. The interaction between AI and social sciences is a “fruitful arrangement.”. While social sciences contribute to the development of socio-beneficial systems—or even in the development of AI techniques—AI research has been contributing back to sociological research.

9. link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10Intelligent Systems, Introduction to | SpringerLink

   link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10

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   As well as improving our capabilities in modeling and simulating systems, it is important to look at how, with the use of intelligent systems, wemight better control the complex systems being modeled.