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The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet. Three of its members became kings of England in the late 15th century. The House of York descended in the male line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth surviving son of Edward III.
Eight generations of the Howard family have since occupied Castle Howard: each bringing different characteristics to the stewarding of this grand house and estate through centuries of challenges and opportunities.
The Howard family is an English noble family founded by John Howard, who was created Duke of Norfolk (third creation) by King Richard III of England in 1483. However, John was also the eldest grandson (although maternal) of the 1st Duke of the first creation.
Aug 14, 2024 · Castle Howard, in Northern Yorkshire. Jim Corbett visits York and discovers more than enough to entertain between Castle Howard and York Minster. York, the city after which the County of Yorkshire takes its name, is one of the most historic and important places in England.
- Birth and Ancestry
- Early Life
- Reign
- Political
- Marriage and Children
- Aftermath
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Edward was born on 28 April 1442 at Rouen in Normandy, eldest surviving son of Richard, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. Until his father's death, he was known as the Earl of March. Both his parents were direct descendants of King Edward III, giving Edward a potential claim to the throne. This was strengthened in 1447, when York became heir to...
Edward grew up amidst a background of economic decline at home, and military defeat abroad, exacerbated by a weak and corrupt central government. Both he and his younger brother Edmund, Earl of Rutland, were born in Rouen, where their father, the Duke of York, served as governor of English lands in France until 1445, when he was replaced by Henry B...
Accession to the throne
At this stage of Edward's career, contemporaries like Philippe de Commines described him as handsome, affable, and energetic.Unusually tall for the period at 6 feet 4 inches (193 centimetres), he was an impressive sight in armour, and took care to wear splendid clothes. This was done deliberately to contrast him with King Henry VI, whose physical and mental frailties undermined his position. On 2 February 1461,[d] Edward won a hard-fought victory at the Battle of Mortimer's Cross in Herefords...
1461 to 1470
Most of the nobility had either remained loyal to Henry or stayed neutral, forcing Edward to rely heavily on the Nevilles. Consolidating the regime initially took precedence, but John Neville's victory at the 1464 Battle of Hexham seemed to end the Lancastrian threat. This exposed internal divisions, particularly over foreign policy, which in this period largely focused on the relationship between England, France and the Duchy of Burgundy, with two of the parties manoeuvring to form an allian...
Exile and restoration
Edward took refuge in Flanders, part of the Duchy of Burgundy, accompanied by a few hundred men, including his younger brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester, Anthony Woodville and William Hastings. The Duchy was ruled by Charles the Bold, husband of his sister Margaret; he provided minimal help, something Edward never forgot. The restored Lancastrian regime faced the same issue that dominated Henry's previous reign. Mental and physical frailties made him incapable of ruling and resulted in an i...
Commentators observe a marked difference between Edward's first period as king, and the second. The failure of attempts to reconcile former enemies like Somerset meant he was noticeably more ruthless after 1471, including the execution of his brother Clarence.In his youth, Edward was a capable and charismatic military commander, who led from the fr...
Edward had ten children by Elizabeth Woodville, seven of whom survived him; they were declared illegitimate under the 1484 Titulus Regius, an act repealed by Henry VII, who married Edward's eldest daughter, Elizabeth. 1. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 – 11 February 1503), Queen consort of England; married Henry VII of England, mother of King H...
Edward IV's eldest son, also named Edward, was made Prince of Wales when he was seven months old and given his own household at the age of three. Based in Ludlow Castle, he was supervised by his uncle, Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, who also acted as his regent for the Council of Wales and the Marches.The historical consensus is he and his bro...
Ashdown-Hill, John (2016). The Private Life of Edward IV. Amberley. ISBN 978-1445652450.Ashley, Mike (2002). British Kings & Queens. Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-1104-3.Backhouse, Janet (1987). "Founders of the Royal Library: Edward IV and Henry VII as Collectors of Illuminated Manuscripts". In Williams, David (ed.). England in the Fifteenth Century: Proceedings o...Burke, John (1836). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Enjoying Territorial Possessions Or High Official Rank: But Uninvested with Heritable Honours....Cokayne, G.E. (2000). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant. Alan Sutton.Gravett, Christopher (2003). Towton 1461: England's Bloodiest Battle. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-513-6.Hankinson, C.F.J., ed. (1949). DeBretts Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, 147th Year. London: Odhams Press.Mount, Toni (2014). Everyday Life in Medieval London: From the Anglo-Saxons to the Tudors. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-1-4456-1564-6.Portraits of King Edward IV at the National Portrait Gallery, LondonJohn Howard was the son of Sir Robert Howard of Tendring (1385-1436) and Margaret Mowbray (1388-1459)and a staunch adherent of the House of York. John Howard was killed fighting for King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth on 22 August 1485.
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May 26, 2024 · Perched in the picturesque heart of York, King‘s Manor is a resplendent testament to the city‘s rich and turbulent history. This magnificent 15th-century building has borne witness to the rise and fall of kings, the upheaval of religious reformation, and the transformative power of education.
