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- The need for blood on the Western Front led to a solution being developed: It was discovered that sodium citrate could be added to blood to prevent clotting and enable it to be stored. Scientists discovered that blood could be refrigerated. Adding citrate glucose solution lengthened its refrigeration time for several days.
www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8p4cmn/revision/6Medicine on the British sector of the Western Front, 1914-1918
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May 11, 2012 · Plasma, the first blood component, was born in conflict 75 years ago. It was first produced for World War II, a conflict dubbed “The Plasma War,” amid conflicting views as to whether it should be provided as a liquid or a dried powder.
- Paul J. Schmidt
- 2012
- William Harvey and Early Experience with Blood Transfusions
- Landsteiner, Hektoen, and The Foundations of Modern Transfusion Therapy
- The Most Important Medical Advancement of The War
- Post World War I Advances
- World War II and The Modern Era
- The Current Landscape
- Gawande’s Data
- References
Since 1628 when William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood, there had been hope that blood transfusion would be possible. Harvey expressed the awe in which physicians of the time regarded blood when he said, “We conclude that blood lives of itself and that it depends in no ways upon any parts of the body. Blood is the cause not only of life...
Karl Landsteiner was an Austrian physician and immunologist. While working at the University of Vienna, he became interested in blood serum work, specifically the factors that led to hemagglutination of red blood cells. This resulted in two landmark publications in 1900 and 1901 that described the evidence of blood groups that he named A, B, and C....
World War I introduced the weapons of modern warfare and with it more severe trauma. Advances in transfusion science paralleled the increased need for and use of transfusions on the battlefield. Two individuals, not related, Lawrence Bruce Robertson and Oswald Hope Robertson, deserve special mention. Stansbury and Hess referred to the acceptance of...
As blood transfusions became more widespread in medical practice, the concept of establishing blood banks became attractive. In the 1930s Bernard Fantus at Cook County Hospital20 and Carl W. Walter at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital started blood banks. In Boston, Walter’s efforts were viewed with such skepticism and disdain that his facility was releg...
In 1944 dried plasma became available for the treatment of combat injuries. Component transfusion therapy became more widely used as the war progressed. The Red Cross concluded its World War II blood program in 1945 after 13 million pints had been collected.11 In 1961 platelet concentrates became recognized for reducing mortality from hemorrhage in...
Fast forward to the Second Battle of Fallujah. It is December of 2004, almost eighty-seven years to the day after the Battle of Cambria, and another battle rages in northern Iraq. The similarities as well as the differences are striking. Young soldiers are still suffering life-threatening injuries. Another Corporal Smith is brought to the operating...
Atul Gawande has chronicled the impressive success of military medicine in reducing wartime fatalities. He states that although the firepower has increased, lethality has decreased.24He reports that in World War II, 30% of Americans injured in combat died. That mortality rate decreased to 24% in the Vietnam War and in the war in Iraq and Afghanista...
William Harvey, Science Quotes, accessed 12/31/19Roth GA. The blood donation evolution. https://circulatingnlm.nih. gov/2013/08/09/the blood-donor-evolution/ accessed 12/31/2019Schwarz HP and Dorner F. Karl Landsteiner and his major contributions to hematology. Brit. J. Haematology 2003; 121(4):1365Blakemore C and Jennett S (eds) 2001, The Oxford Companion to the Body. Oxford University Press, New YorkDec 10, 2015 · In this review, I place the birth of Blood in the context of the history of hematology before 1946, emphasizing the American experience from which it emerged, and focusing on research conducted during World War II.
- Barry S. Coller
- 2015
Jun 1, 2021 · A collaboration with The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC), this major research project examines the history of battlefield blood transfusion during the Second World War.
Nov 7, 2023 · In 1938, Dr Charles Drew discovered how to separate plasma from whole blood while studying the storage and distribution methods of blood at Columbia University. Drew’s novel method was put into practice immediately, as the need for blood and plasma increased at the start of World War II (WWII).
Citrate was first used in 1914 before the outbreak of war. Blood delivered from a needle in a donor’s vein directly into a suitable solution of sodium citrate (or sometimes – in ignorance of the risks of cardiac arrest – the potas-sium salt) would remain liquid: transfusion could proceed less hurriedly and
