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Cooley High is a 1975 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film that follows the narrative of high school seniors and best friends, Leroy "Preach" Jackson (Glynn Turman) and Richard "Cochise" Morris (Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs).
Dec 13, 2022 · Cooley High. Michael Schultz. The film was shot on location in Chicago for less than a million dollars, a modest sum for that time, which meant a brisk shooting schedule of around six weeks. When the production couldn’t afford to hire a storyboard artist, Schultz found an art student from the neighborhood for the job.
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(often styled as CLUE, also known by its original name Cluedo (/ˈkluːdoʊ/) outside North America and certain countries) is a murder mystery board game that was devised in 1943 by British musician Anthony E. Pratt and first manufactured and published in 1949. Originally published in the United Kingdom by Waddingtons and Parker Brothers in North America, as well different other publishers across the globe, the Clue game and franchise is currently owned by Hasbro, published under their Hasbro Gaming brand.
Numerous games, books, a film, television series, and stage productions (including a musical) have been released as part of the Clue franchise. Several spinoffs have been released featuring various extra characters, weapons and rooms, or different game play. The original game is marketed as the "Classic Detective Game", and the various spin-offs are all distinguished by different slogans.
Holed up in his home in Birmingham, England, during air raids on the city during World War II, Anthony E. Pratt, an English musician and factory worker, recalled the murder mystery games played by some of his clients at private music gigs as well as the detective fiction popular at the time, most notably Agatha Christie. In 1944, Pratt applied for a patent of his invention of a murder/mystery-themed game, originally named Murder! Shortly thereafter, Pratt and his wife, Elva Pratt (1913–1990), who had helped design the game, presented it to Waddingtons' executive Norman Watson, who immediately purchased it and provided its trademark name of Cluedo (a play on "clue" and "Ludo", the Latin word for "I play" and the name of a popular board game based on Pachisi).
Pratt's game was originally called Murder!. In Murder!, there were 10 characters; one of whom was to be designated the victim by random drawing prior to the start of the game. Although the patent was granted in 1947, postwar shortages postponed the game's official United Kingdom launch until 1949. It was simultaneously licensed to Parker Brothers in the United States for publication, where it was renamed Clue, as the name "Ludo" was not widely known there, Pachisi-style games having been published under other names and brands, so the play on words would not have been generally understood.
There were several differences between the original game concept and the one initially published in 1949. In particular, Pratt's original design calls for 10 characters, one of whom was to be designated the victim by random drawing prior to the start of the game. These 10 included the eliminated Mr. Brown, Mr. Gold, Miss Grey, and Mrs. Silver. The characters of Nurse White and Colonel Yellow were renamed Mrs. White and Colonel Mustard for the actual release. The game allowed for play of up to eight remaining characters, providing for nine suspects in total. Originally there were 11 rooms, including the eliminated gun room and cellar. In addition, there were nine weapons, including the unused bomb, syringe, shillelagh (walking stick/cudgel), fireplace poker, and the later used axe and poison. Some of these unused weapons and characters appeared later in spin-off versions of the game.
Some gameplay aspects were different as well. Notably, the remaining playing cards were distributed into the rooms to be retrieved, rather than dealt directly to the players. Players also had to land on another player in order to make suggestions about that player's character through the use of special tokens, and once exhausted, a player could no longer make suggestions. There were other minor differences, all of which were later updated by the game's initial release and remain essentially unchanged in the standard Classic Detective Game editions of the game.
Object
The object of the game is to determine who murdered the game's victim, where the crime took place, and which weapon was used. Each player assumes the role of one of the six suspects and attempts to deduce the correct answer by strategically moving around a game board representing the rooms of a mansion and collecting clues about the circumstances of the murder from the other players.
Equipment
The game consists of a board which shows the rooms, corridors and secret-passages of an English country house called Tudor Close (known as Boddy Mansion in the US, currently known as Tudor Mansion since 2002). The game box also includes several coloured playing pieces to represent characters, miniature murder weapon props, two six-sided dice, three sets of cards (describing the aforementioned rooms, characters or weapons), Solution Cards and an envelope to contain one card from each set of cards, and a Detective's Notes pad on which are printed lists of rooms, weapons and characters, so players can keep detailed notes during the game.
Weapons
The weapon icons are typically made of unfinished pewter (except the rope, which may be plastic or string); special editions have included gold plated, brass finished and sterling silver versions. •Candlestick •Dagger (or Knife) •Lead Pipe (or Lead Piping) •Revolver (sometimes Pistol or Gun) •Rope •Wrench (or Spanner)
Standard editions
Parker Brothers and Waddingtons each produced their own unique editions between 1949 and 1992. Hasbro purchased both companies in the early 1990s and continued to produce unique editions for each market until 2002/2003 when the current edition of Cluedo/Clue was first released. At this time, Hasbro produced a unified product across markets. The game was then localised with regional differences in spelling and naming conventions. During Clue's long history, eight unique US editions were published by Parker Brothers (1949, 1956, 1963, 1972, 1986, 1992, 1996, and 2002), including miniaturised "travel" editions. However, only three distinct editions of Cluedo were released in the UK – the longest of which lasted 47 years from its introduction in 1949 until its first successor in 1996. The eighth North America and fourth UK editions constitute the current shared game design. International versions occasionally developed their own unique designs for specific editions, although most drew on the designs and art from either the US or UK editions, and in some cases mixing elements from both, while localising others – specifically suspect portraits. In July 2008, Hasbro released a revamped look for Clue in a Reinvention called "Clue: Discover the Secrets". This new version of the game offered major changes to the game play and to the characters and their backstories. In July 2016, Hasbro replaced Mrs. White with a new character, Dr. Orchid, represented by an orchid pink piece. In this current standard edition, Mrs. Peacock has a new game opening opportunity as her starting square is one step closer to the billiard room (with 9 steps instead of 10). The squared off door to the Conservatory makes the room harder for Rev. Green to reach as an opening move and increases the distance between the Ballroom and the Conservatory (from 4 steps to 5). In January 2023, Hasbro released a new reimagined edition of Clue/Cluedo, with a new storyline, new designs for the weapons and rooms, and a more diversified cast of characters (with new titles, e.g. Mr. Green became Mayor Green, Mrs. White became Chef White, and Mrs. Peacock became Solicitor Peacock). While the suspects' appearance and interior design of the mansion changed with each edition, the weapons underwent relatively minor changes, with the only major redesign occurring in the fourth 1972 US edition, which was adopted by the second 1996 UK edition and remains the standard configuration across all Classic Detective Game versions since. The artwork for the previous US editions tended to reflect the current popular style at the time they were released. The earlier UK editions were more artistically stylised themes. From 1972 on, the US editions presented lush box cover art depicting the six suspects in various candid poses within a room of the mansion. The UK would finally adopt this style only in its third release in 2000, prior to which Cluedo boxes depicted basic representations of the contents. Such lavish box art illustrations have become a hallmark of the game, since copied for the numerous licensed variants which pay homage to Clue.
Spin-off editions
Beginning in the mid 1980s, Waddingtons and Parker Brothers would produced various spin-off games of Clue, consisting of alternative rules varying from the original Classic Detective Game. (Such spin-offs are distinct from themed "variants" using the basic rules and game configuration, effectively new skins on the original board game.) In addition to revising the rules of gameplay, many of the spin-off games also introduce new characters, locations, weapons, and/or alternative objectives. Parker Brothers also created a series of spin-off games called Clue Jr. for a younger demographic (below the age of 8). These games would focus on who committed a thief rather than a murder.
Themed editions
Starting around the 1990s, Hasbro began producing spin-off titles of Clue based on different properties of pop cultures. These games are often based on other franchises such as TV series, video games, and book series. Most of these games are produced by Hasbro Gaming, USAopoly (The Op), and Winning Moves Games.
The board game spawned a franchise, which since 1985 has expanded to include a feature film, mini-series, a musical, numerous books and several video games.
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With Glynn Turman, Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs, Garrett Morris, Cynthia Davis. In 1964 on Chicago's Near-North Side, the lives of four carefree high school seniors and best friends, including an aspiring playwright and an all-city basketball champion, takes a tragic turn.
- (5.6K)
- Comedy, Drama, Romance
- Michael Schultz
- 1978-07-05
May 21, 2019 · …$2.28 billion on Game of Thrones. In other words, a profit of roughly $285 million per season. That’s easily one of the most profitable TV series of all-time. That top line number, though,...
In 1964 on Chicago's Near-North Side, the lives of four carefree high school seniors and best friends, including an aspiring playwright and an all-city basketball champion, takes a tragic turn.
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