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Rail lines (total route-km) Internation Union of Railways ( UIC ) License : CC BY-4.0. Line Bar Map. Details. Label. 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020.
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Figure 1: Rail: In Great Britain year, financial year ending March 2023
•1,385 million passenger rail journeys were made in FYE March 2023, an increase of 39.9% on the previous year and a decrease of 20.4% on the FYE March 2020 (ORR Passenger Rail Usage table 1220)
•Government support to the railways totalled £21.1 billion in FYE March 2023, a decrease of 6.1% on the previous year and an increase of 64.5% on the FYE March 2020 (ORR Rail Industry Finance table 7270)
•67.8% of trains arrived within 59 seconds of their scheduled arrival time in FYE March 2023, a decrease of 5.3pp on the previous year and an increase of 2.8pp on the FYE March 2020 (ORR Passenger Rail Performance table 3133)
•15.73 billion net tonne kilometres (9.77 billion net tonne miles) of rail freight were transported in FYE March 2023, a decrease of 6.8% on the previous year and an increase of 5.1% on the FYE March 2020 (ORR Freight Rail Usage and Performance table 1310)
•346,758 complaints were closed in FYE March 2023, an increase of 22.7% on the previous year and a decrease of 35.2% on the FYE March 2020 (ORR Passenger Rail Service Complaints table 4100)
Figure 2: Domestic transport use by mode: Great Britain, 1 December 2020 to 31 March 2023
Figure 2 presents four line charts, showing usage compared to an equivalent day pre-COVID between December 2020 and March 2023, across different modes of transport: motor vehicles, bus (excluding London), London bus and tube, and National Rail. All public transport modes show a steady increase since 2020. National Rail shows a slightly decreased recovery when Elizabeth Line services, which opened in May 2022 are excluded.
Since March 2020, public transport has been heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the lowest point in April and May 2020, passenger rail journeys were 96% less than an equivalent day in the previous year. Further information on the time-series of transport: DfT transport use during the COVID-19 pandemic statistics.
In the next three years, rail continued to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. At one point in January 2021, passenger rail journeys were 12% of an equivalent day prior to the pandemic. Since then, passenger rail journeys began to steadily increase again, other than a fluctuation in December 2021, due to a temporary introduction of measures to reduce the transmission of COVID-19. At its peak in February 2023, passenger rail journeys were 94% of an equivalent day in pre-COVID; when Elizabeth Line journeys are excluded however, this peak was 86% of an equivalent day pre-COVID.
Note: Usage figures have been impacted by Industrial Action.
Note: The central section of the Elizabeth Line opened in May 2022, bringing an increase in journeys classed as National Rail that would previously have been made on London Underground or Docklands Light Railway. Therefore, a second time series excluding Elizabeth Line is also presented, showing a lower recovery than the time series which includes the effect of Elizabeth line services. For more information, please see Department for Transport COVID-19 domestic transport data: methodology note and Office of Rail and Road Passenger rail usage.
Figure 3: The mainline railway as of financial year ending March 2023 is comprised of:
Figure 3 is a summary of TOC key statistics:
•2,578 stations (ORR TOC Key Statistics)
•9,846 miles (15,846 km) of route (ORR Rail Infrastructure and Assets table 6320)
•an average age of rolling stock of 16.7 years (ORR Rail Infrastructure and Assets table 6313)
•24 Train Operating Companies (TOCs) (ORR TOC Key Statistics)
Car was the most common mode of transport
Figure 4: Of all travel in England in 2022, rail accounted for:
Figure 4 presents a series of three treemap charts depicting mode share for trips, miles, and hours travelled per person in England in 2022. Car travel represents the biggest share for each case, whereas rail accounted for 2% of trips, 8% of miles, and 6% of hours travelled.
The distance travelled and the time spent travelling by rail increased in England in 2022 from the previous year but was still lower than 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prior to the pandemic, long-term rail demand was increasing
Figure 5: Rail passenger journeys in Great Britain, millions
Figure 5 presents a line chart depicting rail passenger journeys in Great Britain beginning calendar year 1953 to FYE March 2023, switching between calendar and financial years in 1984.
Passenger rail journeys almost doubled (95.9% increase) in the 20 years before the pandemic, reaching a record 1.8 billion journeys in 2018 to 2019. Despite seeing a 39.9% increase on the previous year, rail passenger journeys in 2022 to 2023 are still 20.4% lower than this peak, at 1,385 million.
Table 1: Top 10 most used stations in Great Britain, year ending March 2022
Note: For more information please see Office of Rail and Road Passenger Rail Usage (Table 1220) and Estimates of station usage (Table 1410).
Punctuality decreased and cancellations increased in the financial year ending March 2023
Figure 12: Percentage of trains ‘on time’, financial year ending March 2015 to financial year ending March 2023 (Moving annual averages)
Figure 12 presents a line chart showing the percentage of trains “on time” between FYE March 2015 and FYE March 2023. Punctuality was relatively stable prior to the pandemic, with a notable improvement in FYE March 2021. Since then, punctuality has decreased towards pre-pandemic levels.
In the FYE March 2023, there was a 0.9% decrease in planned train services and a 5.3 percentage point (pp) decrease in punctuality compared with the previous year.
Figure 13: Percentage cancellation score, financial year ending March 2015 to financial year ending March 2023 (Moving annual averages)
Figure 13 presents a line chart showing the percentage cancellation score between FYE March 2015 and FYE March 2023. Cancellations were shown to be increasing up to FYE March 2020, before a significant decrease in FYE March 2021. In FYE March 2022, cancellations returned to a similar level as in FYE March 2020.
Government funding of rail in Great Britain has been high for 3 years
Figure 17: Net subsidy to TOCs from Government in Great Britain, financial year ending March 1986 to financial year ending March 2023, billions, real terms based on 2023 prices
Figure 17 presents a bar chart, showing the net subsidy to TOCs from Government in Great Britain between FYE March 1986 and FYE March 2023. Between FYE March 2011 and FYE March 2018, TOCs were paying a net premium to Government. Net Government subsidy was at an all-time high in FYE March 2021, but has decreased in the last two years.
In the FYE March 2023, TOCs received an overall subsidy of £4.2bn from Government, a 42% decrease on the previous year in real terms. Network Rail received a grant of £7.5bn, a 4.1% increase on the previous year. Network Rail and HS2 also received a total of £8.9bn in enhancements funding, a 17.8% increase from the previous year.
Despite the decrease in net subsidy to TOCs in Great Britain in the FYE March 2023, these numbers are still significantly higher when compared with pre COVID-19 years. This is a result of a reduction in fares income during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between the FYE March 1986 and March 2019, the average net subsidy to TOCs in Great Britain was £1.3bn, compared with an average of £7.7bn over the last 3 years.
Note: Government funding covers payments made from or to Department for Transport, Transport Scotland, and Welsh Government.
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Feb 2, 2023 · 2,570 stations ( ORR TOC Key Statistics) 9,864 miles (15,874km) of route ( ORR Rail Infrastructure and Assets table 6320)
- Rail in Great Britain, year ending March 2022 990 million passenger rail journeys were made, an increase of 155.2% on the previous year and a decre...
- Domestic transport use by mode, indexed to equivalent time periods prior to COVID-19: Great Britain, 1 December 2020 to 31 March 2022Since March 20...
- The mainline railway is comprised of:Below is a summary of TOC key statistics: 2,570 stations (ORR TOC Key Statistics) 9,864 miles (15,874km) of ro...
- Car was the most common mode of transport Of all travel in England in 2021, rail accounted for:In England in 2021, rail trips accounted for just ov...
- Prior to the pandemic, long-term rail demand was increasing Rail passenger journeys in Great Britain, millionsPassenger rail journeys almost double...
- Punctuality decreased and cancellations increased in the year ending March 2022 Percentage of trains ‘on time’ and percentage cancellation score, y...
- Government funding of rail in Great Britain has been high for 2 years Net subsidy to TOCs in Great Britain, year ending March 1986 to year ending M...
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Railways. Railways are a climate-smart and efficient way to move people and freight. Railways promote economic growth while cutting greenhouse gas emissions. They are a clean and compact way to move millions of passengers and millions of tons of goods across countries and continents. Yet railways constitute a shrinking share of transport in ...
Dec 20, 2023 · Entries and exits in train stations in Great Britain 2021/22. Busiest train stations in Great Britain (UK) in 2021/22, by total entries and exits (in millions)
Interactive map of rail stations in Great Britain. Click on the picture for an enlarged map of the rail network. List of railway stations in the United Kingdom, split alphabetically. UK railway stations – A. UK railway stations – B. UK railway stations – C. UK railway stations – D.
