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Jan 25, 2011 · Symptoms & Signs of Vestibular Syndrome In Dogs. Vestibular events are slightly different again, but often something of a mystery. The vestibular system – the inner ear – is about balance and so problems lead to classic signs of dizziness. There is staggering (ataxia), flicking of the eyes (nystagmus) from side to side, up and down or even ...
- Understanding Otitis: Cause and Pathogenesis
- Important Diagnostic Steps
- Treatment
- Client Education and Follow-Up Visits
- Maintenance/Preventive Ear Care at Home
- Surgical Management
Understanding the multifactorial nature of otitis and paying attention to the different causes and contributing factors, not just the infection, is critical because the infection is usually only part of the problem (Figure 1). The most recently proposed classification for otitis includes primary and secondary causes and predisposing and perpetuatin...
History
A detailed and complete history is essential to help investigate the underlying cause and associated factors.
Otic Examination
The ear examination allows the clinician to evaluate the amount and type of exudate in the ear canals; estimate the amount of otic inflammation; identify hyperplasia (along with palpation of the horizontal and vertical ear canals), masses, and foreign bodies; and determine the status of the tympanic membrane (eg, changes in structure or rupture). These findings help in determining whether medical management or surgery (total ear canal ablation with or without bulla osteotomy) is the best trea...
Physical Examination
Performing a complete physical examination, including a detailed dermatologic examination, can help in identifying an underlying or primary cause. In patients with otitis media and/or otitis interna, concurrent neurologic abnormalities (eg, facial paralysis, nystagmus, ataxia, head tilt) may be present; therefore, a detailed neurologic examination is indicated.
There are 5 general goals of otitis externa treatment: 1. Resolve discomfort and pain. 2. Remove debris and discharge. 3. Eliminate infection from the external and middle ears. 4. Reverse chronic pathologic changes, when possible. 5. Identify and treat the primary cause of the otitis.
It is very important to talk to clients about the lengthy process of managing otitis, including the need for proper home therapy and frequent follow-up visits, pain management, quality of life, long-term prognosis, and medical costs. Clients must also be taught how to clean the ears and place ear medications. Dogs with otitis should be reevaluated ...
Some type of maintenance otic therapy is usually required, such as a cleaning and drying agent (to keep the ear canal free of wax buildup), antimicrobial ear cleaners (eg, for recurrent ear infections), and sometimes topical glucocorticoids (for severe hyperplasia or stenosis, when surgery is not an option).
Surgical management may be recommended (Table 3), particularly in cases of otic tumors and chronic end-stage otitis, when all medical therapeutic attempts are made, after detailed discussion of potential benefits, risks, and postsurgery complications. Histopathology and bacterial culture of removed tissue or masses should always be performed. Advan...
Vestibular disease can be caused by anything that affects the balance centre in the inner ear and brain, and is most common in old dogs. Vestibular disease usually develops very suddenly, but fortunately, most dogs start improving within 2-3 days, and recover within a few weeks.
Ear Structure and Function in Dogs. The ear is an organ of hearing and an organ of balance. It consists of the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear includes the pinna (the part you see that is made of cartilage and covered by skin, fur, or hair) and the ear canal.
May 17, 2023 · To understand the anatomy of the canine eye in “A Closer Look at the Canine Eye: Understanding Your Dog’s Vision”, you need to explore the structure of the eye, understand the function of different parts of the eye, and compare it to the human eye.
- A canine eye has a cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, and optic nerve. The cornea is clear and helps to focus light, while the iris controls the si...
- Dogs have better night vision and are better at detecting movement. However, they have fewer color-detecting cones in their eyes, which means they...
- If your dog seems to be running into things or having trouble seeing in low light situations, they may be experiencing vision problems. Additionall...
- Yes, some breeds such as Pugs, Bulldogs, and Cocker Spaniels are more prone to eye problems. It's important to keep up with regular check-ups and c...
- Regular check-ups with your vet, keeping hair trimmed around the eyes, avoiding exposure to chemicals or irritants, and providing good nutrition ca...
- Yes, dogs can develop cataracts, which can lead to vision loss. If caught early, treatment options may be available, but it's important to consult...
This is a mucous membrane that acts as a barrier to infection and foreign objects by lining the eyelid and covering the eyeball. When it is infected and inflamed it is known as conjunctivitis, or ‘pink eye’. You will need to get your dog to the vet as soon as possible if you think they have conjunctivitis.
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The diagnostic workup for otitis externa requires a detailed history, thorough physical and ear examinations, and cytologic evaluation. Bacterial and fungal cultures are rarely needed unless systemic antimicrobial therapy is necessary for otitis media.
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