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- Plants also exhibit phototropism, or growing toward a light source. This response is controlled by a plant growth hormone called auxin. As shown in Figure below, auxin stimulates cells on the dark side of a plant to grow longer. This causes the plant to bend toward the light.
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Responses to stimuli of different parts of the plant. In the plant stem, responses to light are known as a positive phototropism, which means the stem grows towards the light. In the plant root...
Jul 15, 2020 · Photomorphogenesis, also defined as light-regulated plant development molecular signaling intermediates, are formed in response to the activation of photoreceptors by light. The photomorphogenic physiological responses are germination, de-etiolation, shade avoidance, circadian rhythm, and flowering.
- Rita Teresa Teixeira
- 10.3390/plants9070894
- 2020
- Plants (Basel). 2020 Jul; 9(7): 894.
Apr 5, 2013 · Phototropism enables plants to orient growth towards the direction of light and thereby maximizes photosynthesis in low-light environments. In angiosperms, blue-light photoreceptors called phototropins are primarily involved in sensing the direction of light.
- Anupama Goyal, Bogna Szarzynska, Christian Fankhauser
- 2013
Phototropism—the directional bending of a plant toward or away from a light source—is a response to blue wavelengths of light. Positive phototropism is growth towards a light source (Figure 2), while negative phototropism (also called skototropism) is growth away from light.
- Ancient and Medieval Perceptions of Phototropism
- Discovering The Inductive Nature of Phototropism
- The Discovery of Auxin and Understanding Its Role in Phototropism
- The Search For A Phototropism Photoreceptor
- Phytochrome and Cryptochrome Signaling in The Promotion of Phototropism
- Toward Understanding Phototropism Sensitivity and Responsiveness
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
For centuries, poets, philosophers, artists, and scientists have noted and studied the phototropic movement of plants. In one of the earliest depictions of plant phototropism, Venus, the ancient goddess of love, transforms Clytie, a water nymph, into a plant because of her infatuation with Apollo, the sun god. Associated with her metamorphosis into...
During the renaissance, some early scientists began studying “natural magic,” which was reliant on the elements and occult properties of material things. In contrast with the Aristotelian disdain of experimentation, these early scientists used experimental observation in addition to classical texts to guide their thinking. Giambattista della Porta ...
Darwin's ideas were initially dismissed by other plant physiologists (reviewed in Heslop-Harrison, 1980). Nevertheless, evidence in favor of Darwin's transmissible substance began to accumulate when Rothert (1894) also showed that light sensitivity is greatest near the tip of maize coleoptiles. Subsequent results of Fitting (1907), Boysen-Jensen (1...
When the action spectra for phototropism became better defined, attention turned toward identification of the blue light photoreceptor responsible for the response. Because the phototropism action spectra resemble the absorption spectra of carotenoids (Haig, 1935; Wald and Du Buy, 1936) and carotenoid concentration is greatest in the tips where pho...
The phototropins are not the only photoreceptors involved in phototropism. Although red light does not typically induce phototropism, a series of studies by Curry (1957), Blaauw-Jansen (1959), Asomaning and Galston (1961), and Briggs (1963b) showed that pretreating seedlings with red light modulates phototropic sensitivity to unilateral blue light....
The focus of phototropism research over the last 150 years was primarily concerned with the mechanistic aspects of the response. However, the degree to which a plant or plant part responds to unilateral light can vary widely. In some cases, different phototropic responses are a trivial result of mechanics: a large diameter shoot requires more diffe...
The history of phototropism is long and rich. Our current understanding of the response has its roots in ancient Greek philosophy and stems from the early physiological studies of the enlightenment. Recent research with Arabidopsishas tremendously expanded our mechanistic understanding of phototropism. We can no longer view the response as a simple...
We thank Nancy Eckardt for her excellent and thoughtful editing. We are supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (IBN-0080783), the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-01ER15223) (R.P.H.), and the Indiana University Briggs Developmental Biology Fellowship (C.W.W.).
- Craig W. Whippo, Roger P. Hangarter
- 2006
Jul 15, 2020 · The most well-known mechanism promoted by light occurring on plants is photosynthesis, which converts light energy into carbohydrates. Plants also use light to signal the beginning/end of key...
Feb 10, 2016 · Analyses of photoresponses at the molecular level are necessary to understand complete mechanisms for light signaling in plants. Elucidating structural and molecular aspects of photoreceptors in light perception is necessary in understanding light sensing and downstream signal transduction.
