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May 13, 2010 · A kiln schedule, which indicates the desired temperature, humidity, and velocity in the dryer depending on the MC of the lumber, is a carefully worked-out compromise between the need to dry...
• Kiln drying is where lumber is placed in a chamber (i.e. dry kiln) where airflow, temperature, and humidity are controlled so that the wood can be dried as rapidly as it can tolerate without increasing or causing defects. • There are several types of kilns, and those different types are defined by the manner in which the
- Introduction
- Kiln Drying
- Development of Drying Stresses in The Kiln
- For More Information
Wood is a hygroscopic material which gains moisture content as a result of changes in humidity. Hygroscopicity is one of the most distinctive properties of wood. Any kind of wood product absorbs and desorbs moisture from the surrounding air until it reaches equilibrium moisture content (EMC), a balance point between the wood’s moisture content and ...
The kiln process involves the drying of wood in a chamber where air circulation, relative humidity and temperature can be controlled so that the moisture content of wood can be reduced to a target point without having any drying defects. The most commonly used kilns are conventional and dehumidification kilns. Vacuum and solar kilns also are used f...
Stage 1
Wet lumber having high moisture on the outer and inner portions will be stress free. As soon as it dries, the outer portion will go below the fiber saturation point (fsp), which is 28 to 30 percent moisture content, before the inner portions reach fps.
Stage 2
As the atmosphere in the kiln is heated and dried, drying occurs faster on the outside, and the outer fibers will have a tendency to shrink. The interior core of the lumber will be at a moisture content of fsp and will prevent the exterior shell from shrinking as much as possible. The result will be development of tensile stresses on the outside and compression stresses on the inside of the lumber. This is called the second stage of drying as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3.Development of drying...
Stage 3
As drying progresses, the center of the board will lose enough moisture to pass below the fsp. As this occurs, it will tend to shrink, but the outer fibers now have a tension set different from the earlier stage of the drying process and will prevent some of the interior shrinking. When this happens, the inner portion will become stressed in tension and the outer portion will have compression stress built up; this is called casehardening. Casehardening occurs when the surface layers of the lu...
The principles described in this fact sheet are important elements of the efficient utilization of wood products. Detailed information about these elements also can be found in the following references and handbooks: Simpson,W.T. ed.1991. Dry Kiln Operator’s Manual. USDA. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison. Wood Handbook. Wood as an Engineering Ma...
Feb 23, 2020 · It is easy to test your firewood to see if it is dry – you can use regular washing-up soap. How to do it: Add a little soap on one end of the log. Put your mouth near the other end and blow through the log. Your firewood is dry if bubbles appear.
When the drying is done in a kiln, the product is known as kiln-dried timber or lumber, whereas air drying is the more traditional method. There are two main reasons for drying wood: Woodworking.
Air drying or kiln drying—which one? Perhaps you have some beautiful walnut wood you’d like to have dried for your next woodworking project. But the question is, How should you dry it? Kiln drying involves placing wood in a special type of chamber—called a kiln—to dry.
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Kiln Dry Lumber at Home: Kiln drying your own wood at home can be a great way to sustainably harvest the materials around you, and dry it fast enough to build furniture with. If furniture is made with wood that is too wet, it will continue to dry and crack, possibly ruining….
