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May 4, 2010 · Bactericidal antibiotics target a diverse set of biomolecules for inhibition to achieve cell death, including DNA topoisomerases (involved in modulating DNA topology), RNA polymerase (involved...
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Describe the mechanisms of action associated with drugs that inhibit cell wall biosynthesis, protein synthesis, membrane function, nucleic acid synthesis, and metabolic pathways
- Learning Objective. Describe the mechanisms of action associated with drugs that inhibit cell wall biosynthesis, protein synthesis, membrane function, nucleic acid synthesis, and metabolic pathways.
- Inhibitors of Cell Wall Biosynthesis. Several different classes of antibacterials block steps in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, making cells more susceptible to osmotic lysis (Table 14.2).
- Inhibitors of Protein Biosynthesis. The cytoplasmic ribosomes found in animal cells (80S) are structurally distinct from those found in bacterial cells (70S), making protein biosynthesis a good selective target for antibacterial drugs.
- Inhibitors of Membrane Function. A small group of antibacterials target the bacterial membrane as their mode of action (Table 14.4). The polymyxins are natural polypeptide antibiotics that were first discovered in 1947 as products of Bacillus polymyxa; only polymyxin B and polymyxin E (colistin) have been used clinically.
Oct 6, 2020 · The two drugs inhibit two sequential steps in tetrahydrofolate synthesis (required for nucleotide synthesis), but this cannot explain the bactericidal synergism.
- Fernando Baquero, Bruce R Levin
- 2021
Jan 1, 2024 · Antibiotics inhibit bacterial growth by affecting fundamental processes in cells, such as cell membrane biogenesis, DNA replication, RNA transcription and protein synthesis [111]. Importantly, protein biosynthesis is a major target and a majority of translation inhibitors directly target the ribosome [112].
The nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors rifamycins and fluoroquinolones target bacterial RNA transcription and DNA replication, respectively. Some antibacterial drugs are antimetabolites , acting as competitive inhibitors for bacterial metabolic enzymes.
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Dec 24, 2022 · In general, protein synthesis inhibitors work at different stages of prokaryotic mRNA translation into proteins like initiation, elongation (including aminoacyl tRNA entry, proofreading, peptidyl transfer, and ribosomal translocation), and termination.
