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Dec 16, 2013 · These works discuss in depth how medieval texts reflect human attitudes to the nonhuman world, but they take for granted that the nonhuman world is simply other than the human and appears in texts as something to be considered in the light of human concerns, often symbolically significant even when not part of overt allegory.
INTRODUCTION: Early Writings on Beneficial Plants: Perceptions and Prescriptions. The Web of Written and Illustrated Plant Books from Antiquity to the Invention of the Printing Press Download
Richard Hoffmann's interdisciplinary approach sheds important light on such central topics in medieval history as the decline of Rome, religious doctrine, urbanization and technology, as well as key environmental themes, among them energy use, sustainability, disease and climate change.
- Richard C. Hoffmann
- 2014
- Ancient and Medieval Perceptions of Phototropism
- Discovering The Inductive Nature of Phototropism
- The Discovery of Auxin and Understanding Its Role in Phototropism
- The Search For A Phototropism Photoreceptor
- Phytochrome and Cryptochrome Signaling in The Promotion of Phototropism
- Toward Understanding Phototropism Sensitivity and Responsiveness
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
For centuries, poets, philosophers, artists, and scientists have noted and studied the phototropic movement of plants. In one of the earliest depictions of plant phototropism, Venus, the ancient goddess of love, transforms Clytie, a water nymph, into a plant because of her infatuation with Apollo, the sun god. Associated with her metamorphosis into...
During the renaissance, some early scientists began studying “natural magic,” which was reliant on the elements and occult properties of material things. In contrast with the Aristotelian disdain of experimentation, these early scientists used experimental observation in addition to classical texts to guide their thinking. Giambattista della Porta ...
Darwin's ideas were initially dismissed by other plant physiologists (reviewed in Heslop-Harrison, 1980). Nevertheless, evidence in favor of Darwin's transmissible substance began to accumulate when Rothert (1894) also showed that light sensitivity is greatest near the tip of maize coleoptiles. Subsequent results of Fitting (1907), Boysen-Jensen (1...
When the action spectra for phototropism became better defined, attention turned toward identification of the blue light photoreceptor responsible for the response. Because the phototropism action spectra resemble the absorption spectra of carotenoids (Haig, 1935; Wald and Du Buy, 1936) and carotenoid concentration is greatest in the tips where pho...
The phototropins are not the only photoreceptors involved in phototropism. Although red light does not typically induce phototropism, a series of studies by Curry (1957), Blaauw-Jansen (1959), Asomaning and Galston (1961), and Briggs (1963b) showed that pretreating seedlings with red light modulates phototropic sensitivity to unilateral blue light....
The focus of phototropism research over the last 150 years was primarily concerned with the mechanistic aspects of the response. However, the degree to which a plant or plant part responds to unilateral light can vary widely. In some cases, different phototropic responses are a trivial result of mechanics: a large diameter shoot requires more diffe...
The history of phototropism is long and rich. Our current understanding of the response has its roots in ancient Greek philosophy and stems from the early physiological studies of the enlightenment. Recent research with Arabidopsishas tremendously expanded our mechanistic understanding of phototropism. We can no longer view the response as a simple...
We thank Nancy Eckardt for her excellent and thoughtful editing. We are supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (IBN-0080783), the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-01ER15223) (R.P.H.), and the Indiana University Briggs Developmental Biology Fellowship (C.W.W.).
The inductive nature of the response was finally confirmed when Julius von Wiesner (1838–1919) showed that plants continue to bend toward a light source even after the light is turned off (von Wiesner, 1878).
- Craig W. Whippo, Roger P. Hangarter
- 10.1105/tpc.105.039669
- 2006
- Plant Cell. 2006 May; 18(5): 1110-1119.
There were two kinds of such treatises disseminated in the late Middle Ages: one – made up of three textual traditions – addressing the relationships of all seven planets to plants; and a second cluster of texts, each one about a single plant deriving its powers from a specific planet (see Table 1). Background.
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Mar 10, 2023 · Summary. When the Carolingian Abbot of Reichenau Walafrid Strabo wrote in a celebrated poem on his “Little Garden” ( Hortulus, ca. 840s) that “the earth is as one house, a whole through each of its parts,” we may at first think we are in the presence of a refreshingly sensitive and modern unified systems approach toward the cosmos and ...
