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Freud never used the name Schlomo, his paternal grandfather’s name, and he shortened his first name while at the University of Vienna. His family life was unusual, and somewhat complicated. His father, Jakob Freud, was 40 years old when he married Freud’s mother, Amalia Nathanson.
Jones, the then president of the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA), flew into Vienna on 15 March determined to get Freud to change his mind and seek exile in Britain.
Freud developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defences against them. In 1897, he began an ...
- Childhood in Austria-Hungary
- Attending University and Finding Love
- Freud The Researcher
- Hysteria and Hypnosis
- Private Practice and "Anna O"
- The Unconscious
- The Analyst's Couch
- Self-Analysis and The Oedipus Complex
- The Interpretation of Dreams
- Freud and Jung
Sigismund Freud (later know as Sigmund) was born on May 6, 1856, in the town of Frieberg in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (present-day Czech Republic). He was the first child of Jacob and Amalia Freud and would be followed by two brothers and four sisters. It was the second marriage for Jacob, who had two adult sons from a previous wife. Jacob set up...
As his mother's undisputed favorite, Freud enjoyed privileges that his siblings did not. He was given his own room at home (they now lived in a larger apartment), while the others shared bedrooms. The younger children had to maintain quiet in the house so that "Sigi" (as his mother called him) could concentrate on his studies. Freud changed his fir...
Intrigued by the theories on brain function that were emerging during the late 19th century, Freud opted to specialize in neurology. Many neurologists of that era sought to find an anatomical cause for mental illness within the brain. Freud also sought that proof in his research, which involved the dissection and study of brains. He became knowledg...
In 1885, Freud traveled to Paris, having received a grant to study with pioneering neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. The French physician had recently resurrected the use of hypnosis, made popular a century earlier by Dr. Franz Mesmer. Charcot specialized in the treatment of patients with "hysteria," the catch-all name for an ailment with various sy...
Returning to Vienna in February 1886, Freud opened a private practice as a specialist in the treatment of "nervous diseases." As his practice grew, he finally earned enough money to marry Martha Bernays in September 1886. The couple moved into an apartment in a middle-class neighborhood in the heart of Vienna. Their first child, Mathilde, was born ...
Inspired by the case of Anna O, Freud incorporated the talking cure into his own practice. Before long, he did away with the hypnosis aspect, focusing instead upon listening to his patients and asking them questions. Later, he asked fewer questions, allowing his patients to talk about whatever came to mind, a method known as free association. As al...
Freud conducted his hour-long psychoanalytic sessions in a separate apartment located in his family's apartment building at Berggasse 19 (now a museum). It was his office for nearly half a century. The cluttered room was filled with books, paintings, and small sculptures. At its center was a horsehair sofa, upon which Freud's patients reclined whil...
After the 1896 death of his 80-year-old father, Freud felt compelled to learn more about his own psyche. He decided to psychoanalyze himself, setting aside a portion of each day to examine his own memories and dreams, beginning with his early childhood. During these sessions, Freud developed his theory of the Oedipal complex (named for the Greek tr...
Freud's fascination with dreams was also stimulated during his self-analysis. Convinced that dreams shed light upon unconscious feelings and desires, Freud began an analysis of his own dreams and those of his family and patients. He determined that dreams were an expression of repressed wishes and thus could be analyzed in terms of their symbolism....
Freud maintained a close relationship with Carl Jung, a Swiss psychologist who embraced many of Freud's theories. When Freud was invited to speak at Clark University in Massachusetts in 1909, he asked Jung to accompany him. Unfortunately, their relationship suffered from the stresses of the trip. Freud did not acclimate well to being in an unfamili...
- Jennifer Rosenberg
Sep 19, 2024 · Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis. Despite repeated criticisms, attempted refutations, and qualifications of Freud’s work, its spell remained powerful well after his death and in fields far removed from psychology as it is narrowly defined.
- After graduating (1873) from secondary school in Vienna, Sigmund Freud entered the medical school of the University of Vienna, concentrating on phy...
- Sigmund Freud died of a lethal dose of morphine administered at his request by his friend and physician Max Schur. Freud had been suffering agonizi...
- Sigmund Freud’s voluminous writings included The Interpretation of Dreams (1899/1900), The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1904), Totem and Taboo...
- Freud is famous for inventing and developing the technique of psychoanalysis; for articulating the psychoanalytic theory of motivation, mental illn...
Oct 16, 2020 · Sigmund Freud, himself, was a victim of the socially constructed concepts of the time, discarded into the realms of Otherness because he was first and foremost a Jew; Freud was, therefore, under the hateful racializing, Nazi, White supremacist gaze, rendered “Black.”
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In 1933 the rise of Nazism forced Ernst to emigrate, in spite of the fact that "he was sheltered because of his wife," as Freud wrote to Jones. Moreover, it was because of his wife that he chose Great Britain , where he arrived during the summer.
