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compliance programmes, but also incorporates new elements such as behavioural science, social responsibility and societal benefits. The United Nations, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Bank and other multilateral organisations have sought to promote compliance programmes as part of economic development.
- 1960s
- 1970s
- 1980s
- 1990s
- 2000s
- 2010s
Ethical Climate
Social unrest. Anti-war sentiment. Employees have an adversarial relationship with management. Values shift away from loyalty to an employer to loyalty to ideals. Old values are cast aside.
Major Ethics and Compliance Issues
1. Environmental issues 2. Increased employee-employer tension 3. Civil rights issues dominate 4. Drug use escalates
Ethics and Compliance Program Developments
1. Companies begin establishing codes of conduct and values statements 2. Birth of social responsibility movement 3. Corporations address ethics issues through legal or personnel departments
Ethical Climate
Defense contractors and other major industries riddled by scandal. The economy suffers through recession. Unemployment escalates. There are heightened environmental concerns. The public pushes to make businesses accountable for ethical shortcomings.
Major Ethics and Compliance Issues
1. Employee militancy (employee versus management mentality) 2. Human rights issues surface (forced labor, sub-standard wages, unsafe practices) 3. Some firms choose to cover rather than correct dilemmas
Ethics and Compliance Program Developments
1. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 2. Business ethics as a discipline is in its infancy 3. Increased discussion of ethics and the importance of being “values centered” instead of merely adhering to the law
Ethical Climate
The social contract between employers and employees is redefined. Defense contractors are required to conform to stringent rules. Corporations downsize and employees’ attitudes about loyalty to the employer are eroded. Health care ethics emphasized.
Major Ethics and Compliance Issues
1. Bribes and illegal contracting practices 2. Influence peddling 3. Deceptive advertising 4. Financial fraud (savings and loan scandal) 5. Transparency issues arise
Ethics and Compliance Program Developments
1. Creation of the U.S. Code of Ethics for Government Service (1980) 2. General Dynamics establishes the first business ethics office (1985) 3. Defense Industry Initiative established (1986) 4. Some companies create ombudsman positions in addition to ethics officer roles 5. False Claims Act (government contracting)
Ethical Climate
Global expansion brings new risks. There are major concerns about child labor, facilitation payments (bribes), and environmental issues. The emergence of the Internet challenges cultural borders.
Major Ethics and Compliance Issues
1. Unsafe work practices in third world countries 2. Increased corporate liability for personal damage (cigarette companies, Dow Chemical, etc.) 3. Financial mismanagement and fraud
Ethics and Compliance Program Developments
1. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations (1991) 2. Class action lawsuits (e.g., Pacific Gas & Electric, Tobacco Master Settlement) 3. Professionalization of ethics function; launch of Ethics Officer Association (EOA) in 1992 4. Transparency International releases its first annual Corruption Perceptions Index in 1995. 5. ERC conducts first national survey of state of ethics in US companies. 6. In Caremark Delaware Chancery, court rules board members can be held personally responsible...
Ethical Climate
Unprecedented economic growth is followed by financial failures. Combination of excessive risk-taking and lack of effective controls destroys high-profile firms. Personal data is collected and sold openly. Hackers and data thieves plague businesses and government agencies. Acts of terror and aggression occur internationally, including 9/11 in the US. Great Recession takes a toll on faith in U.S. economy and institutions. Workers, whose parents experienced layoffs 20 years prior, are less loya...
Major Ethics and Compliance Issues
1. Cyber crime 2. Privacy issues (data mining) 3. Financial mismanagement 4. International corruption 5. Challenge of negotiating ethics standards of numerous cultures in increasingly global business climate 6. Intellectual property theft 7. The role of business in promoting sustainable development
Ethics and Compliance Program Developments
1. Anticorruption efforts grow: OECD Convention on Bribery (1997-2000); UN Convention Against Corruption (2003); UN Global Compact adopts 10th principle against corruption (2004) 2. Business regulations mandate stronger ethical safeguards (Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations; Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) 3. Stronger emphasis on corporate social responsibility and integrity management 4. Thompson Memo issued by US DOJ requires prosecutors to consider corporate ethics and compliance...
Ethical Climate
Increasing distrust and cynicism of corporate America. Occupy Wall Street and growing frustration over income inequality and pay gaps between C-suite and rank-and-file workers. Unprecedented level of workplace diversity. Higher expectations for transparency from companies and corporate leaders. Millennials, largest work cohort in history, are savvy about and connected to technology and social networks; less tied to particular employee or career paths; more comfortable with diversity and with...
Major Ethics and Compliance Issues
1. Appropriate use of big data 2. Social media and networking as agents of positive change and new areas of vulnerability 3. Tension between increasing transparency and loss of privacy 4. Identifying common standards and values in increasingly diverse workplaces 5. Responsible use of technology and social media in the workplace 6. Facilitating productive relationships in multigenerational workplaces 7. Responsibility to shareholders and responsibility to larger society 8. Best strategies for...
Ethics and Compliance Program Developments
1. OECD issues Good Practices Guidance for anti-bribery compliance programs 2. Passage of Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
Jan 21, 2021 · The Evolution of Compliance: How to Get Compliant and Stay Ahead. Compliance and Regulation. Looking back, technology historians may well view the last 10 years as the decade of compliance. From a nearly unknown quantity back in 2010, the field has exploded to the point where many enterprises now have a full-time dedicated Chief Compliance ...
Apr 30, 2020 · This chapter reviews the evolution of compliance from the 1970s until today in the United States and Latin America. It traces how compliance programmes have evolved from being considered a luxury ...
Compliance organization and programs saw their beginnings as a way to protect consumers and set centralized governmental oversight over public safety concerns during the early 20th century. For example, The Food and Drug Administration’s modern regulatory functions began in 1906 with the passage of the Pure Food and Drugs Act to provide basic ...
Mar 8, 2024 · Here too, the concept of compliance has changed over time: Before the 20th century, companies were called upon to manufacture safe products. However, the buyer was responsible for inspecting and testing the product upon purchase (Latin ‘caveat emptor’). It was not until the USA introduced its own product liability regulations in the 1960s ...
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Jun 10, 2024 · This chapter reviews the evolution of compliance from the 1970s until today in the United States and Latin America. It traces how compliance programmes have evolved from being considered a luxury ...
