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     larousse.fr

     • Through the process of evolution, different kinds of fossils occur in rocks of different ages, enabling geologists to use fossils to understand geological history. For geologists, fossils are one of the most important tools for age correlation.
     www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/fossils-and-geological-time/fossils/

     Fossils - British Geological Survey

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   How can fossils be used to reconstruct the Earth's past climates?

   • (Ernst Haeckel) Paleontologists have long recognized the power of using fossils preserved in the rock record to reconstruct the Earth’s past environments and climates. Today, animals and plants are associated with specific environments or climates - cactuses grow in dry deserts while polar bears live in cold northern latitudes.

   Here’s How Scientists Reconstruct Earth’s Past Climates

   www.smithsonianmag.com/blogs/national-museum-of-natural-history/2018/03/23/heres-how-scientists-reconstruct-earths-past-climates/

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   What is the natural history of Earth?

   • The natural history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to understanding of the main events of Earth's past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution.

   History of Earth - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth

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   How has the Earth changed since its formation?

   • The Earth's crust has constantly changed since its formation, as has life since its first appearance. Species continue to evolve, taking on new forms, splitting into daughter species, or going extinct in the face of ever-changing physical environments.

   History of Earth - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth

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   How did Earth form?

   • Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago, approximately one-third the age of the universe, by accretion from the solar nebula. [ 4 ][ 5 ][ 6 ] Volcanic outgassing probably created the primordial atmosphere and then the ocean, but the early atmosphere contained almost no oxygen.

   History of Earth - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth

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   How can we explore climate sensitivity on a warmer planet?

   • If we want to explore climate sensitivity on a warmer planet, we must look further back into Earth history, to times such as the Pliocene. Reconstructing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations without relying on ice cores is admittedly more challenging.

   Studying Earth’s distant past can teach us lessons about its climate

   theconversation.com/studying-earths-distant-past-can-teach-us-lessons-about-its-climate-for-the-future-23576

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   What is a good book about Earth System history?

   • Impacts and the early environment and evolution of the terrestrial planets, in Levy, H. J. & Lunine, Jonathan I. (eds.): Protostars and Planets III, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 1339–1370. Stanley, Steven M. (2005). Earth system history (2nd ed.). New York: Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-3907-4. Stern, T.W.; Bleeker, W. (1998).

   History of Earth - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth

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3. www.smithsonianmag.com › science-nature › everythingEverything You Ever Wanted to Know About Earth’s Past ...

   www.smithsonianmag.com › science-nature › everything

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   Apr 16, 2018 · How do we look into Earth’s past climate? It takes a little creativity to reconstruct Earth’s past incarnations. Fortunately, scientists know the main natural factors that shape climate.

   • The Secrets of Earth’s History May Be in Its Caves

     An example Edwards likes to cite comes from a stalagmite...

   • What Fossil Plants Reveal About Climate Change

     Paleobiologists use fossil plants to reconstruct Earth’s...

4. www.smithsonianmag.com › blogs › national-museum-ofHere’s How Scientists Reconstruct Earth’s Past Climates

   www.smithsonianmag.com › blogs › national-museum-of

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   Mar 23, 2018 · Scientists apply different methods to the geologic record with the goal of better understanding and quantifying ancient Earth's temperatures.

5. theconversation.com › studying-earths-distant-pastStudying Earth’s distant past can teach us lessons about its ...

   theconversation.com › studying-earths-distant-past

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   Feb 25, 2014 · How can air bubbles trapped in ice for millions of years, or fossilised fern fronds, or the chemical make-up of rocks that were underwater in the distant past provide us with an inkling of our...

   • Author: Richard Pancost

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7. climate.nasa.gov › explore › evidence-for-earths-pastEvidence for Earth's Past Climate | Explore – Climate Change ...

   climate.nasa.gov › explore › evidence-for-earths-past

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   The Earth holds climate clues dating back more than 3 billion years – they are contained in rock layers, polar ice sheets, lake beds, and more.

8. www.smithsonianmag.com › blogs › national-museum-ofWhat Fossil Plants Reveal About Climate Change

   www.smithsonianmag.com › blogs › national-museum-of

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   Apr 29, 2021 · Paleobiologists use fossil plants to reconstruct Earth’s past climate and inform climate change research today.

9. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › History_of_EarthHistory of Earth - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org › wiki › History_of_Earth

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   The history of Earth is divided into four great eons, starting 4,540 mya with the formation of the planet. Each eon saw the most significant changes in Earth's composition, climate and life. Each eon is subsequently divided into eras, which in turn are divided into periods, which are further divided into epochs. Eon.

10. www.nasa.gov › general › how-do-we-know-what-earthsHow Do We Know What Earth's Climate Was Like Long Ago? We ...

    www.nasa.gov › general › how-do-we-know-what-earths

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    Jun 7, 2023 · They’ve given us insight into long-term changes driven by plate tectonics, shorter-term variability driven by the wobbles in the Earth’s orbit, and rapid events such as the climate response to the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs.