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  1. www.nhs.uk › conditions › worms-in-humansWorms in humans - NHS

    How you catch worms. Worms are mainly spread in small bits of poo from people with a worm infection. Some are caught from food. You can get infected by: touching objects or surfaces with worm eggs on them – if someone with worms does not wash their hands. touching soil or swallowing water or food with worm eggs in it – mainly a risk in ...

    • Threadworms

      The eggs can survive up to 2 weeks. The larvae hatch from...

    • Overview
    • Types of worms that can cause infection
    • Symptoms of parasites in humans
    • Diagnosing a parasitic worm infection
    • Treatment for parasitic worm infection
    • Outlook for people with parasitic worm infection
    • How to prevent parasitic worm infection

    Tips for preventing parasitic worms include limiting consumption of raw meat or fish, disinfecting all cutting boards or utensils used for raw foods, and washing your hands with soap and water before meal prep and eating.

    Parasites are organisms that live in and feed off a living host. There are a variety of parasitic worms that can take up residence in humans. Among them are flatworms, roundworms, and thorny-headed worms (spiny-headed worms).

    The risk of parasitic worm infection is higher in rural or developing regions. The risk is also greater in places where food and drinking water may be contaminated and sanitation is poor.

    Read on to learn more about parasitic worms, plus how to avoid becoming an unwitting host.

    Tapeworms

    You can get a tapeworm, which is a type of flatworm, by drinking water contaminated with tapeworm eggs or larvae. Raw or undercooked meat is another way tapeworms can find their way into people. Tapeworms embed their heads into the intestinal wall and remain there. From there, certain types of tapeworms can produce eggs that mature into larvae that migrate to other parts of the body. A tapeworm looks like a long, white ribbon. They can grow up to 80 feet long and live in a human for up to 30 years.

    Flukes

    Flukes are another type of flatworm. Animals are more likely than people are to develop an infection from flukes. Raw watercress and other freshwater plants are the main sources of flukes in humans. You can also get them when you drink contaminated water. They make their home in the intestines, blood, or tissues. There are many varieties of flukes, and none reach more than a few inches in length.

    Hookworms

    The hookworm is a type of roundworm transmitted through feces and contaminated soil. The most common way to make contact with this type of roundworm is to walk barefoot on soil that contains hookworm larvae. The larvae can pierce the skin. Hookworms live in the small intestine, where they attach themselves to the intestinal wall with a “hook.” They’re usually less than half an inch long.

    Tapeworms

    In addition, tapeworms can cause: •lumps or bumps under the skin •allergic reaction •fever •neurological problems, such as seizures

    Flukes

    It may take weeks or months to notice additional symptoms of fluke infection. These may include fever and fatigue.

    Pinworms (threadworms)

    Pinworms can sometimes cause anal itching.

    If you’re experiencing any unusual symptoms, especially if you’re returning from a trip to a different country, speak with a doctor. They’ll work with you to determine the cause of your symptoms.

    Diagnostic tests will be necessary to identify the culprit.

    •Fecal test. A fecal test involves submitting a stool sample and having it checked for parasites, larvae, or eggs. This test is noninvasive and is usually the only test needed.

    •Blood test. A blood test can be used to detect some types of parasites in the blood.

    •Imaging tests. Imaging tests such as CT scans, MRIs, or X-rays can be used to detect organ injury caused by parasites.

    •Tape test. A tape test involves placing clear tape around the anus. The tape can be examined under a microscope for the presence of pinworms or their eggs. Sometimes you may be able to see evidence of pinworms around a child’s anus, even with the naked eye, within the first few hours of them falling asleep.

    The main treatment is prescription antiparasitic medications. This family of drugs can kill parasites and help pass them through your system.

    Examples include:

    •albendazole (Albenza)

    •ivermectin (Stromectol)

    •mebendazole (Enverm)

    •triclabendazole (Egaten)

    Most people respond well to treatment and feel better within a few weeks. A full recovery can be expected in most cases.

    It may take longer to recover if you have a severe case, compromised immune system, or coexisting health condition.

    The following tips can often help prevent parasitic worm infection:

    •Avoid or limit your consumption of raw or undercooked meat, fish, or poultry.

    •Avoid cross contamination during food prep by keeping meat separate from other foods.

    •Disinfect all cutting boards, utensils, and countertops that touched raw meat.

    •Don’t eat watercress or other freshwater plants raw.

    •Don’t walk barefoot in places where soil may contain feces.

    • Ann Pietrangelo
  2. www.nhs.uk › conditions › threadwormsThreadworms - NHS

    The eggs can survive up to 2 weeks. The larvae hatch from the eggs in your gut after you swallow them, and take 1 to 2 months to mature into threadworms. Children can get threadworms again after they've been treated for them if they get the eggs in their mouth. This is why it's important to encourage children to wash their hands regularly.

  3. Apr 14, 2023 · Parasites are organisms that depend on a host to survive and spread. There are three main types of parasites, and their symptoms vary. Treatment depends on the kind of parasite you have but may include prescription medications. Practicing good hygiene, thoroughly cooking meat and drinking clean water helps prevent many parasites.

  4. Feb 23, 2024 · Intestinal worms include: Pinworms (enterobiasis): These thread-like worms spread when you touch a surface contaminated with pinworm eggs and put your hands to your mouth. The eggs hatch in your small intestine. At night, female adults lay eggs around your anus (butthole). The process can cause anal itching.

  5. Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is an infection caused by a parasitic worm that lives in fresh water in subtropical and tropical regions. The parasite is most commonly found throughout Africa, but also lives in parts of South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East and Asia. Travel Health Pro has a map of where schistosomiasis is found.

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  7. Aug 8, 2024 · Once it reproduces and becomes larger in amount and size, symptoms may appear. Common symptoms of intestinal worms are: abdominal pain. diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. gas and bloating. fatigue ...

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