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Policy fidelity refers to the degree to which a policy is implemented as intended by its designers. It focuses on the alignment between the actual implementation of a policy and the original goals, strategies, and directives outlined during its formulation.
Jul 3, 2013 · An acceptable definition of the quality of governance must be consistent with the demands of a public ethos, the virtues of good decision making and reason giving, the rule of law, efficiency, stability, and a principle of beneficence.
There are two meanings listed in OED's entry for the word high fidelity. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.
- 37 Foreword
- What is the purpose of this Framework?
- When should it be used and by whom?
- 2. What Do We Mean by Value for Money?
- Effectiveness
- What is a value for money assessment?
- How is value for money assessed?
- Element 1: Option development
- HMT’s Green Book and WebTAG guidance on the Transport Appraisal Process
- Element 2: Measuring costs and impacts
- Impacts
- Monetisation
- Non-monetised impacts
- Distributional Impacts
- Element 3: Consideration of risks and uncertainties
- Increasing confidence in monetised impacts
- 4. Value for Money Assessment
- Benefit Cost Ratio
- Net Present Public Value
- Box 4.2: Net Present Public Value
- NPPV = Present Value of Benefits − Present Value of Costs
- Assessing Value for Money
- Box 4.4: Typical impacts of a transport proposal
- Including different types of impact in the assessment
- Assessing uncertainty
- 5. Value for Money Categories
- Box 5.1 Standard Categories (Transport cost outlays exceed revenues or cost savings)
- Proposals with small transport budget impacts
- General approach
- Selecting the final category
- 6. Reporting Value for Money
- Reporting the value for money assessment
- How confident can we be in the value for money reported category?
- Communicating uncertainty
- Reporting Distributional Impacts
- 7. Non-monetised Assessment
- When is a non-monetised assessment appropriate?
- How to undertake a non-monetised assessment
- Reporting outcomes of a non-monetised assessment
- 8. Analytical Assurance Statements and Value for Money
The Department for Transport (DfT) is committed to ensuring public resources are invested to enhance the UK’s transport network and provide the greatest benefits to society, in the most efficient way. It is important that investment decisions are based on clear and robust value for money advice. In DfT we take pride in the quality of our economic a...
‘Value for money' is one of the key considerations of any decision involving the use of public funds across government. It is considered in the Economic Case of the ‘Five Case’ model of decision-making recommended by Her Majesty’s Treasury (HMT) and adopted by the Department for Transport (the Department) in the “Transport Business Case”1. As Ac...
Value for money should be considered as part of the decision-making process for any proposal which involves the use of public resources. This document provides high-level guidance on the Department's approach to considering value for money in decision-making about new proposals. Value for money should also be assessed after an intervention has been...
Achieving value for money can be described as using public resources in a way that creates and maximises public value. The use of public resources is defined as public sector capital and resource expenditure, stewardship of assets, and raising revenue. Public value is defined as the total well-being of the UK public as a whole3. In a transport co...
bought at a minimised price? How well are inputs converted into outputs?
Although the underlying relationship between the use of public resources and public value is complex, a useful assessment of value for money can be made through a comparison of the cost of public resources expected to be used for a proposal and its expected impact on public value (as defined in Chapter 2). The aim of the assessment is to help decis...
The Department has developed a process for assessing the value for money of major transport proposals over many years. The approach is based on the fundamentals of economic and transport appraisal, which are outlined in this chapter. Further detail can be found in HMT’s Green Book and the Department’s Transport Analysis Guidance (WebTAG). WebTAG gu...
A wide range of possible alternatives to address an identified problem or meet a particular objective should be considered before recommending a specific proposal. These should reflect a variety of approaches and scales of intervention and should not be limited to infrastructure or single mode solutions where alternatives might be feasible. Option ...
provide detailed guidance on how options should be developed.
A value for money assessment should provide easily interpretable and comparable conclusions. Appraisal guidance has been developed for exactly this purpose – to encourage a consistent approach to measuring scheme costs and benefits. This enables decision-makers to draw conclusions easily about whether an individual proposal offers value for money a...
For the purposes of a Department for Transport value for money assessment, impacts refers to the positive and negative impacts of a proposal on the UK public. Impacts include effects on the economy, environment, society and public accounts.
WebTAG contains detailed guidance on appropriate methods for monetising many impacts of transport proposals. Where impacts are monetised appropriately, together they are referred to as the Present Value of Benefits (PVB). Some methods for identifying outcomes, impacts, and estimating their monetary values are more widely-accepted than others, becau...
To provide a broad and accurate view of the total impact of a proposal, impacts which cannot be easily or satisfactorily monetised should also be considered and used to form value for money conclusions. In such cases, the Department recommends the use of a non-monetised assessment of those particular impacts. This avoids the use of monetary values ...
Value for money assessments for transport interventions should consider and highlight the distributional impacts (DIs) of the proposal. A DI assessment considers how the impacts of the transport intervention vary across different social groups. WebTAG Unit A4.2 gives guidance on how these should be appraised across eight key areas5. The approach ...
Before a value for money assessment can arrive at conclusions, the risk and uncertainty within the assessment must be considered. All analysis is based in part on assumptions about how the world is or how it is expected to be in the future. Decisions should be purposefully made about which data and assumptions to include in analysis and how they ...
Sensitivity analysis can be used to test the impact of the key risks and uncertainties on the Present Value of Benefits (PVB) of a proposal. Such analysis can provide greater confidence in the value for money conclusions drawn. In sensitivity analysis, the assumptions and parameters used in the original appraisal (‘core scenario’) are varied to d...
As discussed above, the culmination of a value for money assessment is the value for money category. This is a succinct summary of the overall assessment, considering monetised and non-monetised impacts as well as uncertainty and risks in the analysis. Where a standard economic appraisal has been undertaken, so that the majority of expected impac...
When the Present Value of Costs is positive, as in most transport interventions, the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) should be reported in the Economic Case and Value for Money Statement. For these cases, the BCR is the most useful and interpretable value for money metric. It provides a representation of the relative relationship between benefits and cost...
In cases where the Present Value of Costs is negative or there are no costs or revenues to the Broad Transport Budget associated with the proposal, it is more appropriate to calculate and report the Net Present Public Value (NPPV). In these cases the BCR is difficult to interpret and should not be reported. However in most cases it is still calcu...
The Net Present Public Value (NPPV) is defined as:
Unlike the BCR, the NPPV does not measure the likely benefits relative to the likely costs. Instead, it measures the total impact on public value of a proposal. It is simply the sum of all benefits net of costs. A positive NPPV indicates that there is expected to be an overall gain in public value as a result of the proposal.
As discussed in Chapter 3, to provide a holistic, transparent and useful view of a proposal’s impact on public value, a value for money assessment includes consideration of three types of monetised impacts (‘established’, ‘evolving’ and ‘indicative’), non-monetised impacts, and uncertainty.
*These are a class of models rather than a specific economic impact ** A widely-used methodology for monetisation exists, but this is not included in WebTAG guidance because of concerns about its robustness. Detailed guidance is found in the Supplementary Guidance on Landscape. When selecting which impacts to consider in the assessment, due attent...
Each ‘type’ of impact is included in the value for money assessment sequentially. This enables the generation of an initial assessment of value for money, in which we have the most confidence. This can then be adjusted to account for other impacts which are more uncertain. Only the most established impacts are included in the Present Value of Ben...
Given the uncertainty in the estimation of all impacts, it is important to undertake appropriate and proportionate sensitivity analysis at all stages of the assessment. The results from these tests should be reported (often as ranges around value for money metrics) and explained so they can be considered when drawing final conclusions about value f...
Value for money categories provide a succinct, overarching summary of the outcome of an often complex economic appraisal. They are based on an assessment of a proposal’s benefits relative to its costs. They help decision-makers understand the expected impact of a proposal on public value and the extent to which it represents value for money once ...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
Any analysis used to inform decision-making within the Department needs to be accompanied by an Analytical Assurance Statement. This ensures decision-makers are aware of the strengths and limitations of the analysis underpinning recommendations. The Department's Analytical Assurance Framework, Strength in Numbers, provides details about what inform...
When interventions are implemented with high fidelity, it minimizes variations that can arise from inconsistent delivery. This consistency allows researchers and practitioners to better assess the true impact of the intervention on the targeted population.
2 days ago · Interesting studies in which custom-made devices have been realized and that corroborate those remarks were those of Podolsky et al., who realized a pediatric high-fidelity cleft palate simulator, 19 Park et al. who realized a low-cost mannequin for the training on rigid bronchoscopy using AM techniques 20 and Weatherall et al. who realized a healthy 21-month-old mannequin using RE, AM and ...
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What does highfidelity mean?
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HIGH FIDELITY definition: 1. the production by electrical equipment of very good quality sound that is as similar as possible…. Learn more.
