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Oct 27, 2021 · Fundamentals of Music Theory is shared under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence and can be downloaded from Edinburgh Diamond in the following formats: Word, PDF, EPub (reflowable), ePub (fixed layout). An HTML version will be available shortly.
It follows the general outline of most music fundamentals texts (U.S.). Using the text online without downloading it, presents some issues when links are not opened in a new tab or window (the PDF reloads when you wish to go back to the text). Overall the interface and navigation are easy to use and intuitive.
- Nikki Moran
Looking for Music Theory books? Here we present more than 15 books that you can download for free and print in your home.
This open e-book is the result of a project funded by a University of Edinburgh Student Experience Grant, Open e-Textbooks for access to music education. The project was a collaboration between Open Educational Resources Service, and staff and student interns from the Reid School of Music.
- Volumes
- Students: how to use this guide
- Bass clef
- w w w w w w
- Ledger lines
- D E F w w w w w w
- G ? w w w w w
- Tenor Clef
- Natural half steps
- Flat, natural, sharp
- Enharmonic notes
- Double sharps
- All enharmonics
- Whole step
- Chromatic scale
- Middle C
- Middle C on the grand staff
- Ledger lines between the staves
- w w w
- Duration Rhythmic value
- Rests
- Ties
- Augmentation dots (dotted rhythmic values)
- Beat Measure Bar, Barline Final barline
- Downbeat Strong beat Weak beat
- Stress patterns
- Tempo and Meter
- Triplets
- Tuplet brackets
- 8 parts œœœœœœœœ
- Repeated beat
- Dynamics
- Articulations
- Breath marks Caesura Grand pause
- Italian tempo indications
- I in
- Tetrachord
- & C w w w w w w w w D E F G A B C
- major scale
- Key signature
- Flats and sharps
- a minor
- Circle of Fifths
- Flats / sharps on the staff
- Minor scale
- B C w D w w wF
- Relative keys
- G w A & w w w w wB C w
- Triad Root, Third, Fifth
- Vertical and horizontal slashes
- S O L F È G E A N D R H Y T H M I C S Y L L A B L E S
The core principles guiding high-yield music theory are: Assume no prior knowledge. Build one concept at a time. Get to the POINT! The latest editions of this study reference are available at LearnMusicTheory.net. Eventually there will be multiple volumes, covering Music Theory Fundamentals; Harmony; Jazz, Pop, and Contemporary Music Theory (includ...
topics quickly. 2. Bold indicates key concepts. 3. Each volume ends with a Remember-Forever Resources. Review and More Students can... ...read it before or after your primary text for a music theory course. ...use it as an efficient review before entrance exams, barriers, etc. ...use it as a theory reference book by looking up terms in the index. ....
Bass clef designates the fourth line from the bottom as F. The lines in bass clef represent the pitches G, B, D, F, and A. The spaces are A, C, E, and G. staff bass ? w clef w
F, so... w F G w A B C ? Good Boys Do Fine Always ? w w w w D E F G A B All Cars Eat Gas All Cows Eat
Ledger lines are small lines that extend the staff higher and lower. They can be used with any clef. Ledger lines belong to a single note; they never connect to ledger lines for surrounding notes. w wB C wD w & w w A w w ledger lines ? Grand staff
D C wB w grand staff is a treble clef staff and bass clef staff connected with a brace. Piano music uses a grand staff, along with instruments such as harp and marimba. Sometimes vocal (choir) music is also notated using a grand staff.
B D F A D F A C E G w w w w w w w w w F A C E G B All C clefs indicate where C is on the staff. Alto clef is a C clef centered on the third line from the bottom, designating it as C. Parts for the viola (a string instrument in the violin family) almost always use alto clef. staff B alto w clef w w w w w w w w w w w C, so... E F G A B C D E F G A
Tenor clef is a C clef centered on the fourth line from the bottom, designating it as C. Bassoon and trombone music occasionally uses tenor clef, although both instruments more commonly read bass clef. Btenor w clef staff C, so... C w w w w w w w w w w w G A B C D E F H E C H R O M A T I C S C A L E A N D T H E P I A N O
A half step is the distance from one piano key to the next closest (whether it happens to be white or black). E to F is a half step, because E and F are next to one another. Similarly, B to C is a half step. E to F and B to C are the only natural half steps because they use letter names without accidentals. Accidentals
The black keys use the letter of an adjacent white key plus a modifier called an accidental. The most common accidentals are: b = flat; one half step lower than (left of) a white key § = natural; cancels other accidentals; indicates white notes on a piano # = sharp; one half step higher than (right of) a white key C# or Db
Enharmonic notes are different names for the same piano key. For example, the black key called C sharp is one half step above C, but also one half step below D. C sharp is enharmonic with D flat. White keys also have enharmonic names: B raised one half step with a sharp is the white key C. Double flat
A double flat lowers a flat note by another half step, keeping the same letter name. Double flats are thus two half steps lower than the white key (natural) note. Similarly, a double sharp (looks like an x) raises a sharp note by another half step, keeping the same letter name. Double sharps are two half steps higher than the white key (natural) no...
The piano keyboard below shows all the enharmonic names for the keys.
A whole step is two half steps. For instance, for C up to D, the two half steps are C to C# and C# to D. Scale
scale (from the Italian word for ladder) is a series of notes from low to high (or high to low) following some pattern of whole steps and half steps. chromatic scale lists all the notes (white and black keys) in order, usually from C to the next C above or below. Chromatic scales use only half steps. Ascending chromatic scales use sharps for black ...
Middle C is the C just to the left of center on the piano keyboard; it is near the “middle” of the piano. In treble clef, middle C is one ledger line below the staff. In bass clef, middle C is one ledger line above the staff. On C clefs, including alto clef and tenor clef, middle C is at the center of the clef sign. All of the notes below represent...
In a grand staff, middle C is notated differently depending on whether it is in the treble or bass clef. Middle C is literally the “middle” ledger line, one line below the treble clef and one line above the bass clef. middle C &w ? w
Ledger lines may occur between the staves to make it clear whether the notes are in the treble clef (or right hand) part or bass clef (left hand) part. melody in treble clef staff & w ? middle C
= same pitches in bass clef staff = & ? w middle C
Duration is how long a note lasts. A rhythmic value is a symbol indicating relative duration (see table below). A rhythm is a series of rhythmic values. Rhythm
Rests are similar to notes, but indicate lengths of silences. A breve rest is twice as long as a whole rest, a whole rest is twice as long as a half rest, and so on. Remember that a whole note looks like a “hole” in the ground. breve Ú whole half Ó quarter eighth sixteenth thirty-second Œ ‰
A tie combines rhythmic values together. For example, two eighth notes tied together make a rhythmic value equal to one quarter note. Ties connect notes of the same pitch. Ties never connect rests. e e = q and x x x x = q and Tie q q = h etc.
An augmentation dot on any note or rest adds half the duration. The rhythmic value is said to be “dotted.” For example, a dotted half note equals a half note plus a quarter note, since a quarter note is half of a half note. Similarly, a dotted quarter note equals a quarter note plus an eighth note, since an eighth note is half of a quarter note. h....
A beat is a repeating musical pulse. Listeners sense the beat when they tap their feet or clap their hands in time with the music. Musicians group beats into units called measures or bars. Every measure ends with a barline. A special final barline indicates the end of the movement or piece. measure or bar measure or bar &œ œ œ œ œ œ ̇ barline meas...
The downbeat is the first beat of each measure. The downbeat is fundamental and stable (a strong beat) because it initiates each new group of beats. The last beat of each measure is unstable (a weak beat) because it pulls forward to the following measure. The last beat of a measure often seems to have more energy than the downbeat, because it prope...
The following stress patterns for beats are common: Duple meters: Meters with two beats follow a STRONG-weak stress pattern for the two beats. Triple meters: Meters with three beats follow a STRONG-weak-weak stress pattern for the three beats. Quadruple meters: Meters with four beats follow a STRONGEST-weak-STRONG-weak pattern for the four beats....
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
Appendix 1: Solfège Syllables: standard syllables, chromatic syllables, fixed do versus moveable do, moveable do: do-based and la-based minor, singing with numbers, sample melody Appendix 2: Rhythmic Counting Syllables: rhythmic counting systems, simple time: notes on the beat, simple time: upbeats, simple time: the second fourth of the beat, simpl...
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OMT2 offers thorough coverage of current topics in music theory, and can easily serve as a textbook for fundamentals courses, standard undergraduate theory sequences, and introductions to post-tonal theory.
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Aug 19, 2024 · PDF Workbook. Kyle Gullings. The buttons below are links to download all worksheets from the textbook as combined PDFs. This may be useful if, for example, you do not have reliable internet, or you are simply browsing the whole workbook at once.
This group of books collects many of these strange phenomena together. There are many contradictions in Science and Strange Events
