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Sep 12, 2024 · Euterpe oleracea, E. precatoria, and E. edulis are differentiated based on the number of stems, flower traits, trichomes, endosperm, and eophyll (Fig. 2). Euterpe oleracea is a multi-stemmed palm whereas E. edulis and E. precatoria are solitary palms.
- Introduction
- Material and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusions
- Supporting Information
- Acknowledgements
In angiosperms, the diversity of flower shape and organization has evolved closely with that of pollinators (Stebbins, 1970; Crepet, 1983; Wilson, 1992; Fulton & Hodges, 1999; Herrera & Pellmyr, 2002; Fenster et al., 2004; Schiestl & Johnson, 2013). Floral novelties, such as zygomorphy and nectar spurs, are often shown to be key innovations in a gi...
Flower buds of D. anthriscifolium var. anthriscifolium were collected at the arboretum of Jiangxi Agricultural University, China, and fixed in FAA (formalin, acetic acid, ethanol and water in the proportions 10 : 5 : 50 : 35). Fixed material was then dehydrated in an ethanol and isoamyl acetate series, dissected under a binocular ZEISS-brand-Stemi ...
Morphology of mature flower and floral organs
The retrorsely puberulent raceme of D. anthriscifolium is usually 5–10 cm in length, and comprises five to 12 flowers blooming in an acropetal succession (Fig. 1A). The mature flower is 1.6–2.0 × 1.5–2.1 cm in frontal view, violet or purple, zygomorphic (Fig. 1B, C) and consists of four types of floral organs (Fig. 1D). Sepals are petaloid, violet or purple, and sparsely covered with trichomes on the abaxial side. They can be divided into three categories, depending on their position and shap...
Variation of floral organ number
We investigated the variation of floral organ number in 240 flowers from 80 D. anthriscifolium plants. The numbers of sepals, dorsal petals and lateral petals are always five, two and two, respectively. The number of stamens varies from 12 to 22. The number of Rp that develop to some extent and that are visible at the anthetic stage varies from zero to five, with zero and four being the predominant numbers, each accounting for 45% and 30% of the investigated flowers, respectively. Notably, wi...
Floral organogenesis and development
After vernalization, the shoot apical meristem of D. anthriscifolium transforms into an inflorescence meristem, on which flower meristems initiate. The first flower meristem (F1) arises at the flank of the inflorescence meristem (Fig. 2A). When the hemispherical flower meristem reaches 100–150 µm in diameter, five sepal primordia successively initiate in a spiral manner clockwise or anticlockwise (with c. 137.5° between two consecutive primordia) and then gradually grow into crescent-shaped o...
Perianth organ evolution in Delphinieae
We provide here the first description of the floral ontogeny of D. anthriscifolium, a member of Delphinium subgenus Anthriscifolium recently erected by Xiang et al. (2017), and have shown that it is similar in other Delphinium spp. described in previous studies (Jabbour et al., 2009; Jabbour & Renner, 2012b; Antoń & Kamińska, 2015; Chang et al., 2019; Zalko et al., 2021). However, floral morphology, especially morphogenesis of perianth organs, is distinct in D. anthriscifolium. Additionally,...
Resupination of flat petals and its adaptive significance
Resupination, an unusual form of helical growth, is generally defined as follows: the stalk of some organ (e.g. leaf petiole or flower pedicel) twists through an angle of 180° as it approaches maturity so that the originally lower surface of organs is now uppermost (Hill, 1939; Chitwood et al., 2012; Smyth, 2016). Sporadically found across the flowering plant phylogeny (Goebel, 1924; Dworaczek & Claßen-Bockhoff, 2016), for example the leaf petiole of Bomarea carderi Mast. (Alstroemeriaceae) (...
The floral structure and development of D. anthriscifolium is described here for the first time. We present the first instance of intrafloral, paired and symmetrical resupination in angiosperms. We reinterpreted perianth evolution of Delphinieae in a phylogenetic context, and also discussed the adaptive significance of resupinated petals in D. anth...
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher’s web-site: Figure S1. Reduced petals in mature flowers of Delphinium anthriscifolium. A, five sepals, two spurred petals and two flat petals were removed; B, reduced petals and carpels. Scale bar: 1 mm. Figure S2. Variation in the number of sepals...
We thank Xue-Mei Li and Yu-Cai Luo (Jiangxi Agricultural University) for collecting materials, and Rui Zhang, Pei-Pei Wang and Xiuping Xu (Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for help with nomenclature and technical assistance with SEM and statistical analysis. We also thank the associate editor Julien Bachelier and two anonymous revi...
Jun 13, 2022 · We used microsatellite markers to access the genetic diversity and structure of 26 populations and 527 adult individuals of Euterpe edulis, a native palm which is an important food resource for...
Euterpe edulis forms agglomerates of adult and young plants. We sought to sample different agglomerates from the same area to compose the samples. The population codes, localities, geographic ...
Apr 1, 2019 · All intergeneric relationships were resolved providing insight on the taxonomic controversy of Jessenia, Euterpe and Prestoea. Three widely distributed Neotropical species were non-monophyletic, inviting a revision of species circumscriptions.
Feb 1, 2011 · Differences in morphological and reproductive features suggest that these sympatric populations of two Euterpe morphs are to a reasonable degree reproductively isolated, which supports the recognition of E. espiritosantensis as a distinct species from E. edulis.
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Does Euterpe edulis form agglomerates?
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Are espiritosantensis and edulis distinct species?
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Is Euterpe edulis a meristem?
Feb 1, 2011 · Differences in morphological and reproductive features suggest that these sympatric populations of two Euterpe morphs are to a reasonable degree reproductively isolated, which supports the recognition of E. espiritosantensis as a distinct species from E. edulis.
