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Researchers examining ‘flaming’ - defined as hostile and aggressive interactions via text-based computer mediated-communication - have proposed theoretical frameworks to explain possible...
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- Introduction
- What Is Flaming?
- Flaming and Organizational Conflict
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Recommendations
- Limitations and Suggestions For Further Study
- Acknowledgment
- Appendices
Much research has been conducted on the effects of computer-mediated communication (CMC) on work life. Many studies have focused specifically on how email plays a role in organizational conflicts. While some researchers claim that email plays a positive role by flattening organizational structures, allowing for greater information exchange among mo...
The term “flaming” first appeared in print in The Hackers Dictionary (Steele, 1983), where it was defined as: “to speak rapidly or incessantly on an uninteresting topic or with a patently ridiculous attitude” (p. 63). Since then, the definition has evolved to take on a number of different meanings, although the general consensus is that it is an em...
While email has generally been regarded as a positive force in organizational communication, due to its speed, convenience, the increased social interaction it affords (Berghel, 1997), and the ability it gives people to communicate with others regardless of geographic location or time (Cleary & Freeman, 2005), it has also been cursed as a tool that...
Measurement of Variables
A survey using the Message Invectives Scale—a semantic differential scale measuring responses to 20 separate short email messages—was developed to test the variables as they relate to flaming. This type of scale was used because it allows the intensity of an item to be tested. Since flaming may be attributed to the intensity of certain attributes, such as hostility, aggression, etc. (Thompsen & Foulger, 1996), it was important to gather this information from the subjects. For the purposes of...
Participants and Procedures
The sample for this study consisted of 196 students at a large Southeastern university. The first 155 subjects were undergraduate students taking one of two quantitative methods courses in the communication department. The sample consisted of 69% female (n = 107) and 27.1% male (n = 42) (six of the 155 subjects did not answer this question, which is why the numbers do not add up to 100%), with a mean age of 19.5 (SD = 1.5 years) and mean work experience of one year (SD = .350). The second gro...
Statistical Tests
The Message Invectives Scale was submitted to a Principal Components Factor Analysis for each of the 20 situations to determine whether it was measuring a common construct. The next test conducted was a Pearson Product Moment Correlation between the Message Invective Scale and the flaming variable. The mean scores for the flaming variable were rank ordered from least flaming to most flaming and compared with the mean scores for the Message Invective Scale. Two univariate ANOVAs were run to te...
The criterion for extraction for the Factor Analyses was eigenvalue =1. For each of the 20 situations, in every case there was a one-factor solution that accounted for between 62% and 80% of the variance. Six of the eight items loaded on factor 1 at +/− .40 or higher, with no secondary loadings = +/− .40. The two items loading at less than .40, inh...
The purpose of this study was to explore how certain characteristics listed in the literature about email and conflict interrelate with each other, and whether those characteristics correlate with the construct called flaming in the previous research literature. The tests revealed that six of the original eight items form a common set and that this...
Although certain attributes in email as a communication medium will lead to misinterpretation and potential flaming (Friedman & Currall, 2003), occasions will arise when misunderstandings occur, regardless of how carefully one crafts a message. As O’Sullivan and Flanagin (2003)point out, the majority of messages in an organization are understood wi...
This study has several limitations. The first is that the survey participants were students. While some of those students had previously or currently worked in organizations, the majority of them were undergraduates with little work experience; thus, they may not have had the opportunity in their short careers to have experienced flames in the work...
I would like to extend a heartfelt thanks to Dr. William J. Jordan for sharing his expertise and wisdom throughout the production and completion of this study.
Appendix A
The chart in Appendix A shows the correlation of the invective scale with the flaming variable. “Flame scores” (the solid blue line) represents the flame scores ranked from highest to lowest, and “Invective Scale scores” (the dotted green line) represents the scores for the invective scale ranked from highest to lowest.
Appendix B
The chart below shows the difference between the younger undergraduate group and the older graduate student group in reference to the intensity of flaming for each message. The solid blue line represents the younger group, and the dotted green line represents the older students. In looking at the bottom left hand portion of the graph, where the flame scores are highest, it is clear that the older group scored the same emails as higher in flaming than did the younger group.
The author argues that flaming is a product of the digital medium, favoured by specific features of online communication systems such as anonymity, invisibility, and disinhibition. ......
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Feb 1, 2015 · Unlike other descriptors used for online hostility, ‘flaming’ is the only term whose definition solely involves heated online communications involving invective, insults, negative affect, and so on.
