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    • Ad hominem ("to the man") refers to an attack on the person; for example, regarding their past or personal traits, as a means of undermining/opposing their argument, without having to provide any evidence.
    • Anecdotal Evidence is personal experience. Anecdotes can be a very powerful tool of persuasion but are a weak basis for an argument. We cannot generalize one person’s experience to the population at large.
    • The Appeal to Authority can be tricky because it’s not always illogical. It would be wrong to think something is true just because an authority figure said it is; however, if it was an authority who is an expert in the field relevant to the issue, then it might be illogical to believe the opposite.
    • An Appeal to Emotion aims to manipulate emotions or evoke an affective response to gain acceptance, as opposed to using logically compelling evidence.
  1. Jul 2, 1996 · demonstrated that burden of proof increases for the participant who offers the first claim in an argument (anti-primacy) and sometimes decreases for the participant who offers a final challenge (e.g., What's your evidence?).

  2. ABSTRACT: The notion of ‘‘the burden of proof’’ plays an important role in real-world argumentation contexts, in particular in law. It has also been given a central role in normative accounts of argumentation, and has been used to explain a range of classic argumentation fallacies.

    • Ulrike Hahn, Michael Oaksford
    • 2007
  3. In this paper, I take into account the differences between cognitive and practical presumptions and argue that the standard accounts of deontic function are at least ambiguous (because two types of presumptions entail distinct conceptions of the “burden of proof”), and likely implausible.

  4. What is a burden of proof, and why does it matter? Different burdens exist in different contexts but very generally, it is a particular type of obli-gation that may fall onto someone wishing to assert a claim.

  5. Jan 1, 2018 · Definition. This refers to the duty to provide evidence for allegations raised in the context of legal action. The standard of proof is the degree of proof needed in a legal action to persuade the court (e.g., judge or jury) that a given allegation is indeed founded or true.

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  7. plato.mercyhurst.edu › psychology › psychlawplato.mercyhurst.edu

    Burden of Proof. Definition: the legal definition of burden of proof is defined as the obligation to shift the accepted conclusion away from an oppositional opinion to one’s own position. The burden of proof may only be fulfilled by evidence, and is often associated with the idea that the necessity of proof always lies with the person who ...

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