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An extremophile is an organism that lives in an extreme environment. An extreme environment is one in which most organisms would find it difficult or impossible to survive.
Organismal distribution limits and responses to climate change depend on how physiological performance varies as the environment shifts between optimal and extreme conditions.
- Extremophile Definition
- Importance in Research
- Types of Extremophiles
- Examples of Extremophiles
- Quiz
Extremophiles are organisms that have evolved to survive in environments once thought to be entirely uninhabitable. These environments are inhospitable, reaching extreme conditions of heat, acidity, pressure, and cold that would be fatal to most other life forms. Because extremophiles live on extreme ends of the spectrum, they can indicate the rang...
The enzymes secreted by extremophiles, termed “extremozymes,” that allow them to function in such forbidding environments are of great interest to medical and biotechnical researchers. Perhaps they will be the key to creating genetically based medications, or creating technologies that can function under extreme conditions. Astrobiologists have als...
Of course, different environmental conditions require different adaptations by the organisms that live those conditions. Extremophiles are classified according to the conditions under which they grow. Usually, however, environments are a mix of different physiochemical conditions, requiring extremophiles to adapt to multiple physiochemical paramete...
Snottite
Also known as a “snoticle,” snottites are made up of colonies of cave-dwelling, extremophilic, single-cell bacteria. These colonies look similar to stalactites, but have the consistency of, well, snot. These bacteria colonies survive extreme toxicity and acidity, among other extreme physiochemical conditions. They survive by using chemosynthesis to turn volcanic sulfur compounds into energy and sulfuric acid waste.
Giant Tube Worms
The giant tube worm is a deep-sea extremophile found near hydrothermal vents living in conditions of high pressure, high heat, and no sunlight. Waters near hydrothermal vents can reach temperatures of 600 degrees Fahrenheit, and the pressure can reach up to nearly 9,000 psi! With no digestive tract of their own, they survive in such conditions with the help of their symbiotic partners: extremophilic bacteria that live in the midgut of the giant tube worm. The bacteria, which may account for u...
Tardigrades
Technically more extremotolerant than extremophilic, these eight-legged microscopic creatures are one of the most resilient organisms known to man. They have two survival strategies: one in case of flooding, and one in case of freezing or drought. In the occurrence of a flood, tardigrades inflate themselves like balloons, allowing them to float up to the surface where they have access to oxygen. In the case of drought or freezing conditions, tardigrades have the remarkable ability to replace...
1. A Psychrophile _________. A. thrives in extreme heat. B. grows in high salinity. C. is cold-loving. D.XXXX 2. An extremotolerant organsim is ______________. A. an organism not found on earth. B. adapted to extreme conditions. C. adapted to moderate conditions and can live in extreme conditions. D.adapted to moderate conditions only. 3. The micro...
Aug 18, 2009 · In Chapter 1, I proposed a definition of extreme organisms by reference to the life boxes of organisms: the range of physical conditions under which they exist (the non-biological features of their ecological niche). I also proposed that we could recognise two groups of extreme organisms.
- David A. Wharton
- 2002
Figure 45.10 (a) Yeast grown in ideal conditions in a test tube show a classical S-shaped logistic growth curve, whereas (b) a natural population of seals shows real-world fluctuation.
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Oct 31, 2023 · Stabilizing selection results in a decrease of a population ‘s genetic variance when natural selection favors an average phenotype and selects against extreme variations. In directional selection, a population’s genetic variance shifts toward a new phenotype when exposed to environmental changes.
