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Anatomical terms of movement are used to describe ways in which the body moves due to the action of certain muscles. This movement will occur at a joint which is an articulation between at least 2 bones. The main movements in the sagittal plane are flexion and extension. In the coronal plane we have abduction and adduction.
- Terms of Movement
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are terms used to describe...
- Terms of Location
In this article, we shall look at the basic anatomical terms...
- Embryology Terms
The anatomical terms of location are vital to understanding...
- Terms of Movement
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- Flexion and Extension. Flexion and extension are movements that occur in the sagittal plane. They refer to increasing and decreasing the angle between two body parts
- Abduction and Adduction. Abduction and adduction are two terms that are used to describe movements towards or away from the midline of the body. Abduction is a movement away from the midline – just as abducting someone is to take them away.
- Medial and Lateral Rotation. Medial and lateral rotation describe movement of the limbs around their long axis: Medial rotation is a rotational movement towards the midline.
- Elevation and Depression. Elevation refers to movement in a superior direction (e.g. shoulder shrug), depression refers to movement in an inferior direction.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Overview
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Function
- Structure of The Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Location
- Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large organelle made of membranous sheets and tubules that begin near the nucleus and extend across the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum creates, packages, and secretes many of the products created by a cell. Ribosomes, which create proteins, line a portion of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The entire structure can account for a large proportion of the endomembrane system of the cell. For instance, in cells such as liver hepatocytes that are specialized for protein secretion and detoxification, the ER can account for more than 50% of the total lipid bilayer of the cell.Similarly, the ER membrane system is particularly prominent in pan...
The ER plays a number of roles within the cell, from protein synthesis and lipid metabolism to detoxification of the cell. Cisternae, each of the small folds of the endoplasmic reticulum, are commonly associated with lipid metabolism. This creates the plasma membrane of the cell, as well as additional endoplasmic reticulum and organelles. They also...
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane system can be morphologically divided into two structures–cisternae and sheets. Cisternae are tubular in structure and form a three-dimensional polygonal network.They are about 50 nm in diameter in mammals and 30 nm in diameter in yeast. ER sheets, on the other hand, are membrane-enclosed, two-dimensional flattene...
The endoplasmic reticulum processes most of the instructions from the nucleus. As such, the endoplasmic reticulum surrounds the nucleus and radiates outward. In cells that secrete many products for the rest of the body, the endoplasmic reticulum can account for more than 50% of the cell. In general, the nucleus expresses mRNA (messenger RNA), which...
There are two major types of ER within each cell – smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Each has distinct functions, and often, differing morphology. The SER is involved in lipid metabolism and acts as the calcium store for the cell. This is particularly important in muscle cells that need Ca2+ions for contracti...
- Gabe Buckley
The term “anterior” would be used even if the hand were palm down on a table. Figure 1.6.1 1.6. 1: Regions of the Human Body. The human body is shown in anatomical position in an (a) anterior view and a (b) posterior view. The anatomical terms used for the regions of the body are labeled in boldface.
Jun 21, 2024 · endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins . All eukaryotic cells contain an endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- Kara Rogers
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.All e...
- The ER can be classified in two functionally distinct forms: smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The morpholo...
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves important functions particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins. Differen...
- The ER was first noted in the late 19th century, when studies of stained cells indicated the presence of some type of extensive cytoplasmic structu...
The ER forms a contiguous structure of interconnected sheets and tubules that spreads from the nuclear envelope to the cell cortex. Through its attachment to the cytoskeleton, the ER undergoes dynamic rearrangements, such as tubule extension and movement. ER shaping proteins (reticulons and DP1/Yop1p) play key roles in generating and ...
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ER Abbreviation for: early referral early relapse early repolarisation early response ejection rate elastic recoil electrical resistance electrorheology elimination rate embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma emergency department emergency room emotional reactivity enantiomer ratio endocardial resection endoluminal repair endoplasmic reticulum endoscopic ...
