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Use this collection of example worked chemistry problems with answers to learn problem-solving skills and how to use formulas.
- How to Calculate Theoretical Yield
x moles O 2 = 3 x 3 moles O 2 x moles O 2 = 9 moles O 2. 6...
- Density Calculations
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- How to Calculate Standard Deviation
In our example above, the total from step 2 added together...
- How to Calculate Theoretical Yield
Aug 14, 2023 · Erbium is a chemical element with an atomic number of 68 and is represented by the symbol ‘Er’ in the periodic table. It is hard and silvery in appearance and classified as rare earth metal and belongs to the f-block of the lanthanide group of the periodic table.
- 167.26 g.mol -1
- 6 min
- [Xe] 4f12 6s2
Jul 1, 2024 · This article offers an insightful exploration of Erbium, detailing its definition, intrinsic properties, and the multitude of its applications ranging from telecommunications to medical equipment. Through illustrative examples, you’ll discover why Erbium is not just another element but a cornerstone in advancing modern innovations.
- Effect of Enzymes and Catalysts
- Activation Energy and Rate of Reaction
- Is Negative Activation Energy Possible?
- Activation Energy and Gibbs Energy
- How to Find Activation Energy
- References
A catalystlowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction. Enzymes are examples of catalysts. Catalysts are not consumed by the chemical reaction and don’t change the reaction’s equilibrium constant. Typically, they work by modifying the transition state of the reaction. Basically, they give a reaction another way to proceed. Like taking a shor...
Activation energy is related to reaction rate. The higher the activation energy is, the slower the reaction proceeds because fewer reactants have enough energy to overcome the energy barrier at any given time. If the activation energy is high enough, a reaction won’t proceed at all unless energy is supplied. For example, burning wood releases a lot...
The activation energy for an elementary reaction is zero or positive. However, a reaction mechanism consisting of several steps may have a negative activation energy. Further, the Arrhenius equation allows for negative activation energy values in cases where the rate of reaction decreases as temperature increases. Elementary reactions with negative...
The Eyring equation is another relation describing the rate of reaction. However, the equation uses Gibbs energy of the transition state rather than activation energy. The Gibbs energy of the transition state accounts for the enthalpy and entropy of a reaction. While activation energy and Gibbs energy are related, they aren’t interchangeable in che...
Use the Arrhenius equation to find activation energy. One method involves rewriting the Arrhenius equation and recording the change in reaction rate as temperature changes: log K = log A – Ea/2.303RT log (k2/k1) = Ea / 2.303R(1/T1−1/T2) For example: The rate constant of a first order reaction increases from 3×10-2 to 8×10-2 as temperature in...
Atkins, Peter; de Paula, Julio (2006). Atkins’ Physical Chemistry(8th ed.). W.H.Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-8759-8.Espenson, James (1995). Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070202605.Laidler, Keith J.; Meiser, John H. (1982). Physical Chemistry. Benjamin/Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-5682-7.Mozurkewich, Michael; Benson, Sidney (1984). “Negative activation energies and curved Arrhenius plots. 1. Theory of reactions over potential wells”. J. Phys. Chem. 88 (25): 6429–6435. doi:10.1021/j...Aug 8, 2018 · Erbium or Er is a metallic element belonging to the lanthanide group. Find facts and learn about the properties and uses of this element.
- Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Aug 30, 2014 · Gloves are chiral objects. That is, they lack an internal plane of symmetry. Left gloves and right gloves are mirror images of each other, but they can’t be superimposed. In chemistry, there’s a word we have to describe a pair of non-superimposable mirror images – they’re called enantiomers.
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Jun 26, 2021 · Error is not an accident or mistake. It naturally results from the instruments we use, the way we use them, and factors outside our control. Take a look at what systematic and random error are, get examples, and learn how to minimize their effects on measurements.
