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What is a spontaneous process? What determines spontaneity? Define Gibb’s free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, and the relationship between them. Predict the sign of ΔS in the following processes. Briefly explain your answer: 3 O2(g) ⇌ 2 O3(g) H2O(l) ⇌ H2O(g) 4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) ⇌ 2 Al2O3(s) H2SO4(aq) ⇌ 2 H+ (aq) + SO 2- 4 (aq)
Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy. 1. Calculate the change in entropy of a large vat of molten copper when 50 J of energy is removed reversible from it as heat at 1100 °C. 2. Calculate the change in entropy of 1.0 L of water at 0 °C when it absorbs 235 J of energy from a heater. (b) If the 1.0 L of water is at 99 °C, what is its entropy change?
Jan 16, 2023 · Example \(\PageIndex{2}\): Entropy Change for Melting Ice. Solution; Entropy changes are fairly easy to calculate so long as one knows initial and final state. For example, if the initial and final volume are the same, the entropy can be calculated by assuming a reversible, isochoric pathway and determining an expression for \(\frac{dq}{T}\).
Entropy, along with enthalpy changes of solution, can be used to predict the solubility of ionic compounds. Generally, the less exothermic (more endothermic) the enthalpy of solution, the less
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May 9, 2021 · What is Boltzmann’s equation for entropy? Explain in detail how he derived this equation and how it shows the relationship between entropy and the number of microstates particles can occupy.
Using a Table of Thermochemical Data, calculate ΔS for the following reaction. Is entropy increasing or decreasing? Is the system becoming more random or less random? Based on entropy changes only, would you predict the reaction to be spontaneous or not? Na (s) + ½Cl 2 (g) → NaCl (s)
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5) Consider the reaction: CO (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) The standard enthalpy of this reaction is –282.98 kJ and its standard entropy is –86.82 J/K. Find out: The change of the Gibbs free energy at 25 °C. Is the reaction spontaneous at 25 °C?
