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requiring intervention that can be delayed (P2) and 50% being walking wounded or minor injuries (P3). usually caused by sudden onset events (big bang), and exclude casualties as a result of infectious diseases such as pandemic influenza.
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Jun 17, 2024 · The symptoms of Kawasaki disease include conjunctivitis, rash, adenopathy, strawberry tongue, hand and feet swelling, and fever for 5 or more days. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease is important to prevent long term damage to the heart.
- Trauma Triage1
- Trauma Scoring
- Anatomical Scoring Systems
- Physiological Scoring Systems
- Combination Scoring Systems
Trauma triage is the use of trauma assessment for prioritising of patients for treatment or transport according to their severity of injury. Primary triage is carried out at the scene of an accident and secondary triage at the casualty clearing station at the site of a major incident. Triage is repeated prior to transport away from the scene and ag...
Trauma scores are often audit and research tools used to study the outcomes of trauma and trauma care, rather than predicting the outcome for individual patients. Many different scoring systems have been developed; some are based on physiological scores (eg, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)) and other systems rely on anatomical description (eg, Abbreviated...
Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)8
1. Since its introduction as an anatomical scoring system in 1969, the AIS has been revised and updated many times. 2. The AIS scale is similar to the Organ Injury Scale (OIS) introduced by the Organ Injury Scaling Committee of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma; however, AIS is designed to reflect the impact of a particular organ injury on patient outcome. 3. The Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine monitors the scale. Limitations 1. The AIS scale does not p...
Injury Severity Score (ISS) and New Injury Severity Score (NISS)8
1. The ISS was introduced in 1974 as a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. It has since been classed as the 'gold standard' of severity scoring. 2. Each injury is initially assigned an AIS score and one of six body regions (head, face, chest, abdomen, extremities, external). 3. The highest three AIS scores (only one from each body region may be included) are squared and the ISS is the sum of these scores. Limitations 1. Inaccurate AIS scores ar...
Organ Injury Scale
1. This scale provides a classification of injury severity scores for individual organs. 2. The OIS is based on injury description scaled by values from 1 to 5, representing the least to the most severe injury. 3. The Organ Injury Scaling Committee of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) developed the OIS in 1987; the scoring system has been updated and modified since that time12.
Glasgow Coma Scale
1. The GCS and the GPCS are simple and common methods for quantifying the level of consciousness following traumatic brain injury. 2. The scale is the sum of three parameters: 2.1. Best Eye Response 2.2. Best Verbal Response 2.3. Best Motor Response 3. Scales are based on values ranging between 3 (worst) to 15 (best)1.
The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation
1. APACHE was first introduced in 1981. APACHE IV is an updated version introduced in 2006. 2. This evaluation system is used widely for the assessment of illness severity in intensive care units (ICUs)13.
Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS)8
This score determines the probability of patient survival (Ps) from the combination of both anatomical and physiological (Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS), respectively) scores. A logarithmic regression equation is used: 1. Ps = 1/(1+e-b), where b = bo + b1 (RTS) + b2 (ISS) + b3 (Age Score)14 RTS and ISS are calculated as above and Age Score is either 0 if the patient is <55 years old or 1 if aged 55 and over. The coefficients b0-b3 depend on the type of trauma (NB:...
Future directions
1. Trauma triage and scoring is an ongoing development in process and new systems are being optimised on a daily basis. 2. Lactate measures may become more important in future. It is a better predictor of blood transfusion need and mortality16.
The prompt and efective application of burns first aid has been shown to positively impact on the burn outcome, preventing further tissue damage and reducing subsequent morbidity.1,2 However, there is widespread variation in the first aid advice currently available for management of burns and scalds.3,4,5,6 The following recommendations are bas...
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Mar 14, 2024 · Understanding the stages of second-degree burn healing is pivotal in navigating the recovery journey. As burns progress through distinct phases, each marked by specific changes and challenges, being prepared and informed becomes essential.
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Oct 8, 2022 · Burn injuries: Damage to skin by heat, electricity, or chemicals; full-thickness burns occur with 10 seconds of exposure to 60°C. Incidence : 130,000 hospital attendances/year in the UK; fourth most common injury; 8% require inpatient treatment.
People also ask
What if I'm self-declaring a p1/p2 incident?
What happens if a patient dies in a P1 accident?
How long does a second-degree burn last?
How do you treat a second degree burn?
What does C mean in Crash & Burn?
What does “a” mean in Crash & Burn?
Stop the burning process (for example, extinguish flames using 'drop and roll' or smother them with a blanket). Remove non-adherent clothing and potentially restricting jewellery. Do not attempt to remove tar stuck to the skin.
