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There are lots of examples of electromagnetic waves close electromagnetic waves A group of transverse waves which travel at the speed of light, including radio waves, microwaves and visible light ...
Apr 27, 2023 · Electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) and quasi-static electric fields (QE) from powerful lightning heat and ionize the lower ionosphere. The EMP disturbance may appear as an elve at ∼80–95 km altitude, and the QE field as a halo or a sprite at ∼60–80 km altitude.
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- 128, Issue10
- 27 April 2023
- Seeing Lightning
- Lightning’s Partner
- Conditions Needed For Lightning to Occur
- Lightning Production
- Monitoring Lightning
- Red Sprites
- St Elmo’s Fire
Lightning is visible as a flash of blue-white light. The extremely high temperatures generated heat the air molecules to a state of incandescence (white hot) such that they emit a vivid white light. At the same time, nitrogen gas (the dominant gas in the atmosphere) is stimulated to luminesce, producing bright blue-white. The combination of light f...
Temperatures in the narrow lightning channel reach about 25,000°C. The surrounding air is rapidly heated, causing it to expand violently at a rate faster than the speed of sound, similar to a sonic boom. At about 10 m out from the channel, it becomes an ordinary sound wave called thunder. Thunder is effectively exploding air, and when heard close t...
It is the formation and separation of positive and negative electric charges within the atmosphere that creates the highly intensive electric fieldneeded to support this natural spark discharge that is lightning. The formation of electric charges in the atmosphere is due mainly to the ionisation of air molecules by cosmic rays. Cosmic rays are high...
As the area of negative charge at the base of the thundercloud builds up, it induces a region of positive charge to develop on the ground below. As a result of this, a potential difference or voltage is created across the cloud-to-ground gap. Once the voltage reaches a certain strength, the air between the base of the cloud and the ground develops ...
A worldwide lightning location network (WWLLN, pronounced ‘woollen’) was founded in New Zealand in 2003. Working with the collaborationof scientists from around the world, the network plots lightning discharge locations seconds after they occur. Around the world, there are about 45 lightning flashes per second. Apart from generating the characteris...
High above thunderstorm clouds at altitudes between 50–90 km, large-scale electrical discharges can occur. These are triggered by thundercloud-to-ground lightning activity. They appear as fleeting, luminous, red-orange flashes and take on a variety of shapes. Unlike ‘hot plasma’ lightning, they are cold plasma forms somewhat similar to the discharg...
In the region between a thundercloud and the ground, a very strong electric field can be set up. There is a huge potential difference (voltage) established between the negative base of the cloud and the positive ground. When this potential difference reaches a certain value, sharp-pointed ground-based objects are seen to glow, often with a hissing ...
The photo shows one of the ELVES (emission of light and very low frequency perturbations due to electromagnetic pulse sources). The shot was taken on March 27, 2023 at 21.43 UTC from Possagno, TV, Italy. The lightning that triggered it was in Polverigi, AN, Italy, at a distance of 285 km.
Wave Behaviors: Light waves across the electromagnetic spectrum behave in similar ways and can be transmitted, reflected, absorbed, refracted, polarized, diffracted, or scattered depending on the composition of an object the wave encounters.
Jan 19, 2021 · We identify spatio-temporal relationships that demonstrate a leakage of electromagnetic fluctuations caused by lightning into the upper ionosphere. Causal association between the two phenomena is evidenced by investigating relations between lightning and fluctuation properties.
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Jun 11, 2021 · This video is related to new research that uncovers the timing and triggering of high-energy lightning events in the sky, known as terrestrial gamma ray flashes and elves.
