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Mar 23, 2023 · Despite mobilising millions, including millions of women (Farzaneh, 2021), the devastating impact of the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988) would mar the life chances and opportunities of successive generations and the effects of the conflict were geographically unevenly distributed, where border regions experienced the worst of it; some of which ...
- Eskandar Sadeghi-Boroujerdi
- Discriminatory Laws
- Marriage
- Divorce
- Child Custody
- Dress Code
- Nationality
- Travel
- Inheritance
Marriage: The Islamic Republic initially lowered the age of marriage to nine for girls. In 2002, parliament raised the age to 13. The judiciary has blocked subsequent efforts to raise the age of marriage higher. Divorce: A woman could only get a divorce in court with a judge’s order, while a man could get divorce by declaring it verbally. In 2002, ...
In the law: The rules on marriage are the most discriminatory. A man can marry up to four women at one time; women can only marry one husband. A woman needs a male guardian’s consent — either from her father or paternal grandfather—to marry. Muslim women cannot marry non-Muslim men, while Muslim men can marry Jews, Christians or Zoroastrians. The r...
In the law: Women also face discrimination in divorce. Females can only get a divorce in a court, while a man can get a divorce simply by declaring it verbally—and not even necessarily in her presence. In 1982, judges were empoweredto grant a divorce to a woman facing “difficult and undesirable conditions.” The Majles amended the law in 2002 to all...
In the law: Women have preferential custody over children under seven. Courts determined whether a mother or father gets custody of children older than seven. A divorced woman forfeits child custody if she remarries, even if her husband is dead. In practice: Divorced women are likely to losecustody of their children, especially if they are financia...
In the law: Women face restrictions on dress and severe punishment for violations. The Islamic Republic mandated wearing head covering, or hijab, in public. Violators face punishments that include up to two months in prison, fines of up to 500,000 rials and up to 74 lashes. In practice: Fewer women in major cities wear the all-enveloping black chad...
In the law: Women can’t automatically transfer citizenship to children or spouses. In practice: Women have gradually gained rights on citizenship issues involving family members. In 2019, parliament passed a law allowing the children of women married to foreigners to apply for Iranian citizenship. In the past, many have effectively been stateless. ...
In the law: Women face restrictions on travel abroad. A woman requires a husband’s permission to obtain a passport or travel outside the country. In practice: Husbands could choose to provide blanket permission for his wife’s travel or require her to ask for permission for each trip abroad. Single women over the age of 18 could obtain a passport wi...
In the law: Under Islamic inheritance law, a man is granted his deceased wife’s entire estate, while a widow receives only one-eighth of her husband’s estate. A son inherits twice as much as a daughter. Until 2009, widows could not inherit land. Parliament then votedto let women inherit land. In practice: Affluent families have circumvented the law...
3 days ago · Human Rights Watch has condemned Iran’s controversial new law that increases prison terms and fines for women and girls who breach the country's strict dress code.
Iran’s strict anti-abortion laws have introduced additional measures to limit women’s access to abortion.
Apr 17, 2024 · A year and a half after the start of the “Woman, Life, Freedom” protests, police in Iran have resumed “morality patrols” to crack down on women violating the Islamic Republic’s strict hijab rules.
But in the early 1980s, the new Islamic authorities imposed a mandatory dress code that required all women to wear the hijab. Here are some images showing what life was like for Iranian women...
Apr 22, 2019 · In 2050, Iran will be older than the current U.S. population but still younger than today’s Japan. Iran’s current age structure represents a “demographic window of opportunity,” when the number of people in the working-age cohort exceeds that of the dependent population (i.e. <15 or >65).
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