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  1. However, for species that are endemic in specific regions and only exist in this geographically constrained area, then not only does the extinction have an impact locally, but there are also global consequences.

  2. The largest proportions of globally threatened endemic species, particularly for mammals and tropical plants, were found to occur in areas with a high per area GDP.

    • Robin Pouteau, Caroline Brunel, Wayne Dawson, Franz Essl, Holger Kreft, Bernd Lenzner, Carsten Meyer...
    • 2021
  3. Jan 22, 2021 · Endemic animal species had surprisingly high GD P levels, similar to GD P levels of edge populations in more widespread species.

  4. Jan 19, 2020 · Industries highly dependent on nature generate 15% of global GDP ($13 trillion), while moderately dependent industries generate 37% ($31 trillion).

    • On average, there has been a large decline across tens of thousands of wildlife populations since 1970. One of the most widely-quoted, but misunderstood, metrics on biodiversity is the Living Planet Index.
    • Not all animal populations are in decline; around half have increasing numbers. The Living Planet Index reports that there has been a large average decline across more than 30,000 animal populations.
    • Wild mammals have declined by 85% since the rise of humans. A diverse range of mammals once roamed the planet. This changed quickly and dramatically with the rising number of humans over the course of the last 100,000 years.
    • Wild mammals make up only a few percent of the world’s mammals. In the chart, we see the distribution of mammals on Earth.8 These estimates compare mammals on the basis of biomass.
  5. Mar 4, 2019 · Economic and population growth have been driving the upward trend of impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, despite a reduction of the impacts per unit of GDP (Fig. 2a,b).

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  7. The Living Planet Index (LPI) measures the average decline in monitored wildlife populations. The index value measures the change in abundance in 34,836 populations across 5,495 native species relative to the year 1970 (i.e. 1970 = 100%).

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