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Britain and the Spanish Civil War. In 1936 the Conservative government feared the spread of communism from the Soviet Union to the rest of Europe. Stanley Baldwin, the British prime minister, shared this concern and was fairly sympathetic to the military uprising in Spain against the left-wing Popular Front government.
More than other conflicts of the 1930s in Abyssinia and China, or more recent wars in Vietnam and Bosnia, the Spanish Civil War served to galvanise political activity in Britain, in support both of the Republican government and of Franco's Nationalist rebels.
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'What victory for Franco in Spain would mean', 1938
This map was included in a leaflet for a proposed National Emergency Conference on Spain, to be held on 23 April 1938. Territory under the control of "fascist" governments is highlighted in black, to emphasise what the author argues is an encirclement of France by fascist powers, and a threat to British trade routes in the Mediterranean. From the archives of the Trades Union Congress, document reference: 292/946/18b/53.
'There is grave danger...', 1938
This map was included in a leaflet issued by the Spanish Emergency Committee. It illustrates how Spain is in a key position to affect British trade routes to the east (including India) and the route of French shipping to colonies in North Africa. From the archive of the Trades Union Congress, document reference: 292/946/18b/78Link opens in a new window.
Spanish Regions, 1936
Map showing the regional divisions in Spain. This was included in the Communist magazine 'To-morrow', published in December 1936. From the archive of Henry Sara, document reference: 15/3/8/239.
Spain: Results of the 1936 parliamentary election
Map taken from a 1937 magazine 'No Pasaran', produced by the Belgian Labour Party. It identifies which regions had cast most votes for the left and right-wing political parties in the February 1936 parliamentary election. Areas coloured black had a left majority, white areas had a right majority, light grey areas were closely divided between left and right, and the dark grey area had voted for parties of the centre. From the archives of Paul Tofahrn, document reference: MSS.238/PUB/4/4Link op...
Spain, 8 August 1936
Map taken from The Daily Mail, 8 August 1936, showing the territory thought to be in the hands of the rebels (referred to by the Mail as "Patriots (Anti-Reds)"). It accompanied articles about "the Red's reign of terror" in government Spain. From the archives of Henry Sara, document reference: 15/3/8/57.
North East Spain, 1938
This map was published in The Times in March 1938. It accompanies an article headlined 'Swift Franco Advance: The Invasion of Catalonia' and, as well as the main towns in the region, identifies which territory was held by General Franco's forces. From the archives of Henry Sara, document reference: 15/3/8/6.
North coast: San Sebastian and Irun, 1936
This map was published in the Manchester Guardian on 28 August 1936, and illustrates an article reporting on the Nationalist offensive in northern Spain commanded by General Mola (headlined 'Rebels fail again to capture Irun'). From the archives of Henry Sara, document reference: 15/3/8/116.
Bilbao area, Basque Country, 1937
This map shows the area to the east of Bilbao, and was published in The Manchester Guardian on 1 June 1937. It includes the towns of Guernica and Durango, both of which had suffered devasting aerial bombardment, and shows the positions of the opposing forces. From the archives of Henry Sara, document reference: 15/3/8/185.
Southern Spain and North Africa, 1936
Map showing the main towns in Southern Spain and Spanish Morocco. This was included in the Manchester Guardian on 11 August 1936, and illustrated an article headlined 'New threat to Madrid... Rebels moving on Badajoz'. From the archives of Henry Sara, document reference: 15/3/8/63.
"Heart of Spain", 1936
Map of the area immediately surrounding Madrid, published in The Observer on 4 October 1936. It accompanies an article on 'Gen. Franco's plans for Spain', written at the time of a Nationalist offensive towards Madrid. From the archives of Henry Sara, document reference: 15/3/8/152.
Madrid, 1936
This map shows the towns and villages in the immediate environs of Madrid, and was published in the Communist magazine 'To-morrow' in December 1936. It focuses particularly on the west side of the city, as the Nationalist forces were attacking from this direction. From the archive of Henry Sara, document reference: 15/3/8/239.
Morocco and Spanish territory in North Africa, 1936
This map was published in an unidentified newspaper (probably the Manchester Guardian) on 20 July 1936. It illustrated an article about the initial military rebellion in North Africa, headed 'Spanish Republic fighting grave revolt'. From the archives of Henry Sara, document reference: 15/3/8/34.
In July 1936 there was a revolt by the Spanish military against the Popular Front government, a newly-elected coalition of Republicans, Socialists and Communists. General Francisco Franco became leader of this 'Nationalist' rebellion, which received substantial assistance from Nazi Germany and fascist Italy.
Jul 19, 2011 · Records showing the full extent of British involvement in the Spanish Civil War have been put online by The National Archives to mark the 75th anniversary of outbreak of the war in 1936.
Feb 2, 2012 · For seven months Spain had been embroiled in a brutal civil war, sparked by an uprising of right-wing generals against the country’s elected government. The British were there as part of the International Brigades, a force of foreign volunteers who had come to fight for the Spanish Republic.
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The Spanish Civil War Maps collection belonging to UAB Map Library is composed of eighty three sheets, corresponding to nine different cartographic series. Seven of them were edited by the cartographic services of the parts involved in the conflict between 1936 and 1939 (except five sheets edited in the 20’s).
