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- In short, it’s a relatively stable way of thinking and behaving that can be used to describe a person and compare and contrast that person with others.
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Humanistic Theories. Five-Factor Theory: Personality Is Based on Biology. Using the Big Five traits (or five-factor model) as a foundation, Five-Factor Theory proposes that the...
- The theory was first proposed in the 1990s by psychologists Robert McCrae and Paul Costa Jr. McCrae and Costa also created the NEO Personality Inve...
- Though they have similar names, the model (which is embraced by many researchers) is a way of describing how personality traits are organized—that...
- Multiple researchers have helped develop it. One proponent is psychologist Brent Roberts, who with colleagues in the ’00s, wrote about a “social in...
- In a new job, one may be rewarded for being punctual and putting in work to complete tasks, or incentivized to get along with others. Interpersonal...
- Yes: The social investment view suggests that people with certain traits will be more drawn to and more likely to invest in certain kinds of roles....
- CAPS was developed by psychologists Walter Mischel and Yuichi Shoda in the 1990s. They sought to resolve an apparent conflict between findings of b...
- No. A person may be more aggressive, reserved, or energetic in some situations and less so in others. But across many different situations, the per...
- The psychologist most associated with narrative identity is Dan McAdams. In the 1990s, he developed a view of personality in which three levels coe...
- In a recent study, proponents of the narrative identity view offered evidence for a tentative “Big Three” factors: autobiographical reasoning, or c...
From Aristotle to Sigmund Freud and Abraham Maslow, countless theories and concepts for understanding personality have been proposed.
- Overview
- A Breakdown of DISC Personality Types
- Process for Identifying and Assessing DISC Personality Types
- Tips for Dealing With Each DISC Personality Type
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DISC is an acronym that identifies four personality types: Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness. DISC personality types, first proposed in 1928 by physiological psychologist William Moulton Marston, are most often favored in the workplace or other professional settings because they focus on behavior, not other aptitudes like values or intelligence.
The DISC personality theory is a behavior model that divides a person's characteristics into four “types” to understand why they do what they do. There are explanations for each individual type, but keep in mind they can be combined in groups of two as well. So, some people may be an influence (I) type, while others may be an influence-dominance (ID) type or an influence-steadiness (IS) type.
Most people fall into one or two combinations. There are 12 commonly recognized personality types, but dominance, influence, steadiness, and conscientiousness are the starting points for all the personality types.
Paper and online assessments will tell you your DISC personality type and those of others. These can be used in professional and personal settings.
If you don’t know a person’s DISC type, you can also use the OAR — observe, assess, recognize — model to assess their personality. You would do that like this:
1.Observe the behavior of the individual you want to categorize. Look for what they talk about but also how they talk. For instance, dominance and conscientiousness types use “I” and “me” more, while influence and steadiness types use “we” and “us” more. Using body language can help, too. For example, a person may be more extroverted if they’re a dominance or influence type or subdued if they’re a steadiness or conscientiousness type.
2.After you’ve observed the individual, assess if they’re more active (dominance or influence) with animated, assertive body language and strong eye contact, or reserved (steadiness or conscientiousness) with calm or quiet speech, and whether they’re task-oriented (dominance or conscientiousness) with talk about things or tasks or people-oriented (influence or steadiness) with talk about people or feelings.
3.Take everything you’ve observed and assessed so far and recognize their personality type, whether it's dominance, influence, steadiness, conscientiousness, or a combination of two of these possibilities.
While this informal OAR method is not as accurate as a formal DISC assessment, it can be a helpful baseline.
Knowing someone’s DISC personality type will give you an idea of how they operate in personal and professional settings. For example, Hansen observes that if he were working with someone who’s either a conscientiousness or steadiness type, he would “have a discussion with [them] and go ‘OK, now let’s look at it from both ways and let’s see what we come up with,’ because that’s how they operate. With a dominant person [on the other hand] sometimes…. you would be a little more directive.”
Here are some additional tips for dealing with each personality type.
Dec 20, 2023 · The Big Five Personality Traits, also known as OCEAN or CANOE, are a psychological model that describes five broad dimensions of personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. These traits are believed to be relatively stable throughout an individual’s lifetime.
Apr 28, 2017 · Steadiness emphasizes cooperation, sincerity, and dependability. Conscientiousness focuses on quality and accuracy as related to expertise and competency. The DISC is available in traditional format (called DiSC Classic), a 28-item forced questionnaire scored on four scales (Greir 1977, 1994).
Feb 21, 2021 · Abstract. Personality psychology has long focused on structural trait models, but it can also offer a rich understanding of the dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of individual differences or entire persons.
Personality traits are usually considered distinct from mental abilities (including general intelligence) that are assessed based on how well one responds to problems or questions.
