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On an anterior or posterior view in two dimensions, the heart is shaped like a trapezoid, so it has a superior and inferior as well as a right and left border. It is important to understand what comprises the borders of the heart because the heart is rotated to the left on its longitudinal axis within the mediastinum, so the apex is directed more postero-laterally.
- Overview
- Anatomical Terms
- Midline, Medial, Lateral
- Anterior, Posterior
- Superior, Inferior
- Proximal , Distal
This article explains the basic anatomical terms of location such as midline, medial, lateral, anterior, posterior, superior/inferior and proximal/distal with examples in context.
This article looks at the basic anatomical terms of location and examples of their use within anatomy.
The midline splits the right and left halves evenly; medial means towards the midline while lateral means away from it.
Anterior refers to 'front' while posterior refers to 'back'. Structures are described in relation to each other as anterior or posterior.
These terms refer to vertical axis with superior meaning higher and inferior meaning lower. Limbs can be mobile so another descriptive pair is needed for clarity.
Used in structures that have a beginning and an end such as limbs or blood vessels; proximal means closer to origin while distal means further away from it.
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Apr 20, 2023 · In the anatomical position, the heart has five surfaces – each formed by the different chambers of the heart: Anterior (or sternocostal) – Right ventricle. Posterior (base of the pyramid) – Left atrium. Inferior (or diaphragmatic) – Left and right ventricles. Right pulmonary – Right atrium. Left pulmonary – Left ventricle.
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The heart is subdivided by septa into right and left halves, and a constriction subdivides each half of the organ into two cavities, the upper cavity being called the atrium, the lower the ventricle. The heart, therefore, consists of four chambers: right atrium. left atrium. right ventricle. left ventricle [6].
Shape and Size of the Heart. The shape of the heart is similar to a pinecone, rather broad at the superior surface and tapering to the apex (Figure \ (\PageIndex {1}\)). A typical heart is approximately the size of your fist: 12 cm (5 in) in length, 8 cm (3.5 in) wide, and 6 cm (2.5 in) in thickness.
Sep 14, 2021 · The human heart is located within the thoracic cavity, medially between the lungs in the space known as the mediastinum. Figure \ (\PageIndex {1}\) shows the position of the heart within the thoracic cavity. Within the mediastinum, the heart is separated from the other mediastinal structures by a tough membrane known as the pericardium, or ...
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Nov 3, 2023 · Heart (right lateral view) The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood around the body by circulating it through the circulatory/vascular system. It is found in the middle mediastinum, wrapped in a two-layered serous sac called the pericardium. The heart is shaped as a quadrangular pyramid, and orientated as if the pyramid has fallen onto ...
