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Oct 10, 2011 · Delayed effect of 1918 influenza (flu) on births as a result of miscarriage. The depression in birth rates occurring in spring 1919 and lasting several months is consistent with a number of first-trimester miscarriages in women who fell ill with influenza.
- Kimberly Bloom-Feshbach, Kimberly Bloom-Feshbach, Lone Simonsen, Lone Simonsen, Cécile Viboud, Kåre ...
- 10.1093/infdis/jir510
- 2011
- J Infect Dis. 2011 Oct 15; 204(8): 1157-1164.
The effectiveness of local responses to the Spanish flu varied a great deal: The medical officer in Manchester, Dr James Niven, was very thorough and worked tirelessly to limit the flu’s...
- Abstract
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
The 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, or the so-called Spanish flu, was responsible for more than 50 million deaths worldwide (1, 2). In Europe, the excess mortality rate associated with the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic has been estimated at 1.1%, or approximately an 86% increase in all-cause mortality (3). This pandemic rapidly spread in a series of p...
Spanish death data
We retrieved all death certificates from the Madrid Civil Registry to construct time series of deaths during the 1918–1920 influenza pandemic (Figure 1). Each record provides specific details of the deceased, including the date of death, age, and causes of death. For years 1917–1920, the registry holds a total of 70,061 death records (an average, 17,650 deaths per year). Cause-of-death information for each death record allowed us to extract data on deaths attributed to influenza and respirato...
Estimating mortality baselines with quantified uncertainty
To account for uncertainty in our 1917 baseline death level, we used a parametric bootstrap approach (31). With this method, we first simulated data before fitting the regression model displayed in the previous paragraph, accounting for fluctuations in the annual timing of winter and summer death peaks. For each of the weekly sets of death counts, we simulated a Poisson-distributed number of expected deaths, because the number of deaths each week is a “count” variable that must be 0 or greate...
Our analyses of weekly death rates from January 1917 to December 1921 revealed 3 distinct periods of pandemic-related mortality: a brief but well-defined spring wave (May to July 1918), an intense fall-winter wave during August 1918 to April 1919, and a recrudescent winter wave during November 1919 to February 1920 (Figures 2 and 3). Overall, peaks...
Although estimates of excess mortality reveal variability in age-specific patterns throughout the world, our results are unique in that the highest absolute excess rates occurred among older populations (≥70 years) compared with findings in previous reports from Europe and the United States (9, 21, 22). Specifically, the Madrid age-specific excess ...
Author affiliations: Institute of Economy, Geography and Demography, Center for Humanities and Social Sciences Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain (Laura Cilek, Diego Ramiro Fariñas); School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (Gerardo Chowell); and Division of Internat...
The "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918–1919, which caused ≈50 million deaths worldwide, remains an ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of its pathogenicity remain unanswered.
- Jeffery K. Taubenberger, David M. Morens
- 10.3201/eid1201.050979
- 2006
- Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Jan; 12(1): 15-22.
The 1918–1920 flu pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 subtype of the influenza A virus.
Sep 1, 2008 · The mortality pattern associated with the Spanish influenza that was seen elsewhere was also seen in Spain; mortality rates were higher among persons aged <1 year and among those aged 25–29 years [19, 30–32]. Overall, the mortality rate in 1918 was the highest in Spain in the 20th century .
Nov 2, 2009 · During the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, of the 1,350 flu-infected pregnant women who were studied, half developed pneumonia, and more than half of those who did so died, with most deaths...
