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- Conflict Theory. Type of Theory: Macrosociology. Conflict Theory proposes that society is marked by ongoing struggles for resources and power, resulting in social inequalities.
- Functionalism. Type of Theory: Macrosociology. Definition: Functionalism considers society as a complex system of interdependent parts, each having a function fulfilling societal stability.
- Symbolic Interactionism. Type of Theory: Microsociology. Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes how individuals use symbols to navigate social interactions and create social worlds.
- Social Exchange Theory. Type of Theory: Microsociology. Social Exchange Theory postulates that human relationships and interactions are guided by a cost-benefit analysis and the pursuit of rewards.
- Types of Values in Sociology
- Sociological Function of Values
- Examples of Values
- Values vs Norms
- Conclusion
- References
We can dissect values into various different typesin sociology. Let’s start with Rokeach’s (1973) famous dichotomy between instrumental and terminal values.
Below are explanations of how each of the three sociological paradigmsapproach values and their role in society.
1. Honesty
A central value to many people, honesty helps us to navigate social interactions in a way that is consistent with our sense of self as a good person within a culture that holds honesty in high regard. Honesty is generally seen as an instrumental value because it serves the purpose of fostering trust and building positive relationships. See More: Examples of Honesty
2. Justice
Justice is a complex concept, and as I’ve demonstrated in my types of justice article, there are many ways of perceiving it. Each different approach to justice will lead to different ideas about how to interact with others. For example, a person who believes in personal retributive justice (revenge for misdeeds), your value framework would allow you to harm someone who harmed you. But if you believe in procedural justice, you would believe that a person should only be punished by a court of law.
3. Respect
Respect is about treating others with dignity. It might involve listening to someone’s opinion without interruption or disparagement, even if you disagree with their viewpoint. On a societal level, it might involve laws and policies that uphold the dignity of all individuals, like those against discrimination and hate speech. See More: Examples of Respect
Values are broad principles or standards that guide behavior and judgments about what is important in life, while normsare the social rules that dictate what is acceptable and unacceptable in a social context (Boudon, 2017). Values tend to be abstract ideals, while norms tend to refer to specific behavioral standards. Values serve as the criteria f...
In sociology, values are studies to explore how individuals, cultures, and societies develop, use, and reproduce their ideas about right and wrong, fair and unfair. Through an exploration of values, we can understand what is held dear to people and groups, and we can learn about their orientation toward fairness, freedom, equality, and so forth. Wh...
Almila, A. & Inglis, D. (2016). The SAGE Handbook of Cultural Sociology.India: SAGE Publications. Boudon, R. (2017). The origin of values: Sociology and philosophy of beliefs. New York: Routledge. Delaney, T. (2015). Connecting sociology to our lives: An introduction to sociology. New York: Routledge. Denzin, N. K. (2008). Symbolic Interactionism a...
Feb 13, 2024 · How Are Norms and Values Different? Values are the basic beliefs that guide the actions of individuals, while norms are the expectations that society has for people’s behavior. In other words, values tell individuals what is right or wrong, while norms tell individuals what is acceptable or not.
- Socialization. The process of learning how to interact with others socially.
- Socialization agents. Individuals, groups, institutions and experiences that play a role in socialization.
- Culture. The shared meaning and behavior that emerges in groups.
- Social structure. The institutions, systems and relationships that organize a society.
List one or two gender differences in nonverbal communication. A fundamental feature of social life is social interaction, or the ways in which people act with other people and react to how other people are acting. To recall our earlier paraphrase of John Donne, no one is an island.
Learning Objective. Describe the theories of Cooley, Mead, Freud, Piaget, Kohlberg, Gilligan, and Erikson. Because socialization is so important, scholars in various fields have tried to understand how and why it occurs, with different scholars looking at different aspects of the process.
Feb 13, 2024 · One example of primary socialization is gender roles. Gender socialization is the process by which children learn about gender roles and come to understand what it means to be a boy or a girl.
