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Magnet Power Supply System Overview - ppt download. Published by Rosamond Nichols Modified over 5 years ago. Embed. Download presentation. Presentation on theme: "Magnet Power Supply System Overview"— Presentation transcript: 2 Magnet Power Supply System Overview. 3 Distribution of Power Supplies in Service Area. 4 4.
- Jean-Paul Burnet
- Definition
- Introduction
- Power supply requirements
- Powering optimization plays with magnet parameters
- Magnet parameters
- Power supply & magnet optimization
- Magnet optimization
- Circuit layout
- Magnet in series
- Power supply ripples
- Magnet grounding
- Magnet protection
- Magnet cycle
- Switching devices
- Thyristor rectifier
- IGBT
- Number of cycles
- Power electronics basic concept
- Power switches
- Topologies based on IGBT
- Topologies with HF transformer
- Converter association
- Linac’s and transfer lines
- Intermediate storage of energy Peak power : could be > MW
- Power supply control
- High-precision definition
- Accuracy characterisation
- Stability:
- High-precision Current measurement chain
- LHC resolution
- Current regulation
- What parameters should be specified ?
- What shall contain the functional specification?
- Minimum 6 months
- Special electronics and control
- Summary
Definition What is special for powering magnets? Power supplies requirements Circuit parameters Circuit optimization Power supplies ripples Grounding Magnet protections Current cycles Power supply types Power electronics Thyristor technology IGBT technology Power supply association Nested circuits Energy management Discharged power supplies Power s...
Wikipedia: A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. Power supplies are everywhere: Computer, electronics, motor drives,... Here, the presentation covers only the very special ones for particles accelerators : Magnet power supplies Power supply # power converter US labs uses magnet power supply CERN accelerator ...
This talk will describe the beginning of a project for a new particles accelerator. Before any design of power supplies, the first step is to write a functional specification which describes the powering of the accelerator and the performance required by the power supplies. Many technical points have to be raised and worked for optimization. ELENA:...
Now, you know that accelerators need high precision power supplies. What are the main parameters you should define with accelerator physicists & magnet designers? Don’t let the accelerator physicists work alone with the magnet designers.
The power engineers have to be included in the accelerator design from the beginning! Power supply requirements Many points need to be defined : Reg.
Magnet parameters seen by the power supplies: Inductance, in mH Resistance, in mΩ Current limits Voltage limits (insulation class) di/dt limits much better, magnet model including saturation effect. Load Saturation model Inductance L L sat Lm(I)=f(I).L Current I sat_start I sat_end Magnet parameters Even better, magnet model between B-field and cur...
The powering optimization plays with the magnet parameters, the power supply parameters and the circuit layout. For the same integral field, the magnet can be done in different ways. The magnet parameters are: Number of turns per coil Maximum current Current density in the conductor Length/field strength of the magnet Advantages of large N Lower I ...
Advantages of lower J Lower losses in magnet Less heat to dissipate in air or water Drawbacks Higher capital cost Larger magnets Air cooled magnet Water cooled magnet Global optimization shall be done including capital investment, cooling system and energy consumption.
The magnets can be powered individually or in series. Individually: increase flexibility of beam optic B-field can be different depending of the cycles (hysteresis) Global cost is higher, more DC cables, more power supplies Needed when the voltage goes too high (>10kV magnet class) Needed when the energy stored is too big (superconducting magnets) ...
To get the same B-field in all the magnets, the classical solution is to put all the magnets in series. Generally done with dipole and quadrupole. Example of SPS quadrupole Lead to high power system for Dipole and quadrupole.
The acceptable current ripple has to be fixed by the accelerator physicists. In fact, it is the maximum B-field ripple which needs to be determined. From the B-field ripple, we can determine the current ripple and then, fix the voltage ripple. Power supply I Magnet F(s)
For safety reasons, the magnet shall be isolated from the mains. The power supply needs an insolation transformer in its topology. The magnets shall be connected to the ground somewhere, they can’t be left floating with parasitic capacitances. One polarity can be connected directly to the ground, or via a divider for a better voltage sharing. The g...
The magnets shall have its own interlock system. For warm magnets, it is quite simple (water flow, thermostat, red button,...). For superconducting magnets, it is quite complex (quench protection). This interlock system shall request a power abort to the power supply. Be careful, magnets are inductive load, the circuit can’t be opened ! The power s...
The way that the magnets will be operated has to be defined from the beginning. Type of control: Current / B-field Maximum – minimum current Complete cycle Injection current Maximum dI/dt, ramp-up Maximum flat top current Maximum dI/dt, ramp-down Return current Cycle time Degauss cycle / pre-cycle Standby mode Power supply types
Nowadays, the main power semiconductors are: Diode MOSFET IGBT Thyristor The most popular is the
Limitation a low current due to discontinuity of current
Real IGBT turn-on and turn-off: Very fast di/dt, dv/dt => EMC Switching losses => thermal limitation Thermal cycling of the IGBT IGBT
IGBT bonding can break after few thousand of thermal cycles
The basic principle is to command a switch to control the energy transfer to a load. Example of a BUCK converter: Constant voltage
Filter Power electronics basic concept The switch S is switched ON during a short period which is repeated periodically. = Ton/T × Vi Vout = α × Vi The output voltage can be controlled by playing with the duty cycle α. Power electronics basic concept Most of the time, PWM (Pulsed Width Modulation) technique is used to control the switches. A t...
The magnets need DC current. The magnet power supplies are AC/DC. The topologies are with multi-stages of conversion.
In this case, it is multi-stages converter with high-frequency inverters
When the power demand increases above the rating of the power semiconductor, the only solution is to build a topology with parallel or series connection of sub-system.
Beam is injected, accelerated and extracted in several turns Beam is passing through in one shot, with a given time period; B (T), I (A) acceleration injection extraction t (s) B (T), Beam passage I (A) t (s) Direct Energy transfer from mains is not possible:
Rise and fall time < few ms Average power kW Discharged power supplies DISCHARGE UNIT & ENERGY RECOVER SWITCHING MATRIX CAPACITOR
AC Supply Reference Load characteristics are vital. Transfer function is a must ! Power supply control The power supply are controlled by the global control system. They need to be synchronized => Timing Locally, a fieldbus (must be deterministic) is used to communicate with a gateway, WORLDFIP in the LHC ETHERNET for LINAC4 In each power supply, a...
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Power supplies are key devices for particles accelerators (like an engine in a car). Operators in control room play with power supplies to control the beam. Their performances have a direct impact on the beam quality. Creativity is required in many technical fields! More training : last
Sep 25, 2016 · This document discusses power supplies and their components. It begins by explaining the differences between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), and how each is produced. It then discusses what a power supply is and its main components, including transformers, rectifiers, filters, and voltage regulators.
Apr 13, 2015 · Introduction ©2014 Amir Jafari – www.amir-Jafari.com Objective present a systematic design methodology that meet a customer’s business and technical goals Network Design Methodology Step 1. Analyze Customer Requirements Step 2. Characterize the Existing Network and Sites Step 3. Design the Network Topology and Solutions
Sep 4, 2012 · This document discusses power supplies and switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It begins with an overview of power supplies and their basic components like transformers, rectifiers, and regulators. It then covers the categories of power supplies, including linear regulated and SMPS.
The two fundamental laws of network theory are known as Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL), and Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL). These laws describe the topology of the network, and arise directly from the fundmantal laws of electromagnetics. They are simply stated as:
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Topic 1: Basics of Power Systems. ECE 5332: Communications and Control for Smart. Spring 2012. A.H. Mohsenian‐Rad (U of T) Networking and Distributed Systems 1. The Four Main Elements in Power Systems: Power Production / Generation. Power Transmission. Power Distribution.
