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Jan 5, 2024 · ADHD has been linked to significant decreases in quality of life and functioning, and has been found to be associated with higher risks of school failure, parental and family conflict, social rejection by peers, low self-esteem, and delinquent behavior in children and adolescents, and with academic and vocational underachievement, reduced occupational functioning, obesity, emotional ...
Oct 25, 2021 · ER mediates the association between ADHD and social skills in youth . Less distinct emotional and social competence could explain the higher degree of peer rejection in children with ADHD . In addition, the common sleep problems in children with ADHD will further aggravate their attentional and emotional dysregulation .
- Frank W Paulus, Susanne Ohmann, Eva Möhler, Paul Plener, Christian Popow
- 2021
- Sample
- Measures
- Data Analysis
This sample was derived from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (https://www.alspac.bris.ac.uk), a large prospective birth cohort in South-West England. Pregnant women in Bristol with a due date between April 1991 and December 1992 were approached to participate. This resulted in 14,541 pregnancies enrolled in the study an...
Childhood ADHD symptoms
The main exposure variable was mother-rated DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition) ADHD symptoms at 7 years and 7 months measured with the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) . The DAWBA is a well-validated, reliable tool which can be used to derive DSM-IV diagnoses in children and adolescents via computer algorithms and clinical raters. Symptoms of ADHD include inattention, for example “often forgetful in daily activities”, hyperactivit...
Late-adolescent depression
Continuous and binary depression variables were used as the outcome in this study to give an indication of the impact of ADHD on depressive symptoms and on the odds of reaching a clinical cut-point for depression. For the continuous outcome, ‘depressive symptom score’ was indicated by the self-rated Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) at 17 years and 6 months. The SMFQ is a 13-item questionnaire designed to cover core depressive symptomology with a three-point response scale for eac...
Mediator variables
Mediator variables were measured at age 16 years. This ensured a time lag between exposure (age 7.5), mediator (age 16) and outcome (age 17.5) as recommended for mediation analysis . The 5-item Peer Problem subscale of the mother-completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 16 years was used . Items such as ‘Teenager has at least one good friend’ and ‘Teenager is generally liked by others’ were rated with responses of ‘Not true’ (2), ‘Sometimes true’ (1), and ‘Certainly...
Association between ADHD and depression
Childhood ADHD symptoms were standardised, so that a unit increase was equivalent to a standard deviation unit increase. Linear regression was used to examine the association between standardized childhood ADHD symptoms and continuous depressive symptom score at 17.5 years. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between standardised childhood ADHD symptoms and depression assessed using the binary SMFQ clinical cut-point at 17.5 years. To examine whether sex influenced the ass...
Mediation by peer relationships and academic attainment
Peer problems and GCSE result scores at 16 years were tested as mediators of the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and adolescent depressive symptoms in two single mediator models. A ‘potential outcomes’ causal mediation framework was used with STATA commands ‘medeff’ and ‘medsens’ [45, 46]. Medeff conducts mediation analyses using Monte Carlo simulation whilst allowing for interaction of exposure and mediator on the outcome. Medsens considers mediation models’ sensitivity to potent...
Sensitivity analyses
As previous work has found victimization to mediate the association between ADHD symptoms and subsequent depression , we additionally tested whether observations of mediation effects by peer problems were driven by victimisation. To do this, the peer problem mediation analysis was repeated with the item “young person is picked on or bullied by other young people” removed from the Peer Problems score of the SDQ . Three sensitivity tests were conducted to check for the effect of timing...
- Victoria Powell, Lucy Riglin, Gemma Hammerton, Olga Eyre, Joanna Martin, Richard Anney, Anita Thapar...
- 2020
Furthermore, shared genetic influences between age-5 ADHD and age-12 emotional problems accounted for 15% of the variance in age-12 emotional problems, with a further 32% of variance in age-12 emotional problems explained by genetic influences specific to emotional problems and the remaining 53% of variance by non-shared environmental effects specific to emotional problems.
- Adi Stern, Adi Stern, Jessica C. Agnew‐Blais, Andrea Danese, Andrea Danese, Helen L. Fisher, Timothy...
- 10.1111/jcpp.13217
- 2020
- 2020/11
(1) ADHD symptoms and symptoms of co-occurring externalizing (e.g., oppositional behaviors, aggression) and internalizing (e.g., anxiety, depression) disorders may be annoying to peers; (2) individuals with ADHD may not have acquired key social skills that enhance social relationships; (3) individuals with ADHD have problems with social cognition that interfere with the acquisition of social ...
- Judith Wiener
- judy.wiener@utoronto.ca
Mar 22, 2019 · ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is probably the fastest growing psychiatric diagnosis among young people in general and looked after children in particular. The core features of the condition are inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity (e.g. Singh, 2008). This article discusses the link between ADHD, social work research ...
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Nov 23, 2023 · Social anxiety symptoms, which include pervasive fears surrounding peer appraisal, social embarrassment, and social performance (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), are often present in ADHD, with up to 50% of children and adolescents presenting with ADHD also meeting the criteria for social anxiety disorder (Mojahed et al., 2021).
