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  1. point on a graph where the concavity of the curve changes (from concave down to concave up, or vice versa) is called a point of inflection (Definition 4.14). By implication (think about what separates positive and negative numbers on a number line), if a point (c, f (c)) is a point of inflection, then f ′ ′ ( c ) = 0 .

  2. Example: y = x 3 − 6x 2 + 12x − 5. The derivative is: y' = 3x 2 − 12x + 12. The second derivative is: y'' = 6x − 12. And 6x − 12 is negative up to x = 2, positive from there onwards. So: f (x) is concave downward up to x = 2. f (x) is concave upward from x = 2 on. And the inflection point is at x = 2: Calculus Index.

  3. Dec 21, 2020 · Of particular interest are points at which the concavity changes from up to down or down to up; such points are called inflection points. If the concavity changes from up to down at x = a, f ″ changes from positive to the left of a to negative to the right of a, and usually f ″ (a) = 0.

  4. Definition 12.1: We say that the curve is convex downward bending up on the interval . if all points of the curve lie above the tangent at any point on the interval. Or when the curve turns anti-clock wise we call it is convex downward (concave upward) (see Fig. 1). Fig.1. (Convex downward/Bending up)

  5. Maxima and minima are also called TURNING points or STATIONARY points. Going from left to right, the gradient is DECREASING up to the point P and then it starts INCREASING again. The point P where the gradient stops decreasing and starts increasing is called an INFLECTION point.

  6. For example, take the function y = x3 +x. dy dx =3x2 +1> 0 for all values of x and d2y dx2 =6x =0 for x =0. This means that there are no stationary points but there is a possible point of inflection at x =0. Since d 2y dx 2 =6x<0 for x<0, and d y dx =6x>0 for x>0 the concavity changes at x =0and so x =0is a point of inflection.

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  8. All points of inflection on the graph of must occur either where equals zero or where is undefined. In the following examples, we will use these properties to sketch graphs

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