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Indiscriminate behavior was largely independent of aggression in these institutionalized young children. Indiscriminate behavior may represent an independent problem rather than a type of reactive attachment disorder as suggested by DSM-IV criteria.
APA Dictionary of Psychology SECOND EDITION. ... APA Dictionary of Psychology 2nd Ed [2015].pdf
- History of The Attachment Theory
- Understanding Attachment
- Ainsworth's "Strange Situation"
- Maternal Deprivation Studies
- The Stages of Attachment
- Factors That Influence Attachment
- Attachment Styles
- The Lasting Impact of Early Attachment
- A Word from Verywell
British psychologist John Bowlby was the first attachment theorist. He described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings."Bowlby was interested in understanding the anxiety and distress that children experience when separated from their primary caregivers. Thinkers like Freud suggested that infants become attached ...
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life. He suggested that attachment also serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival. Bowlby viewed attachment as a ...
In her research in the 1970s, psychologist Mary Ainsworth expanded greatly upon Bowlby's original work. Her groundbreaking "strange situation" studyrevealed the profound effects of attachment on behavior. In the study, researchers observed children between the ages of 12 and 18 months as they responded to a situation in which they were briefly left...
Harry Harlow's infamous studies on maternal deprivation and social isolation during the 1950s and 1960s also explored early bonds. In a series of experiments, Harlow demonstrated how such bonds emerge and the powerful impact they have on behavior and functioning. In one version of his experiment, newborn rhesus monkeys were separated from their b...
Researchers Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson analyzed the number of attachment relationships that infants form in a longitudinal studywith 60 infants. The infants were observed every four weeks during the first year of life, and then once again at 18 months. Based on their observations, Schaffer and Emerson outlined four distinct phases of attach...
While this process may seem straightforward, there are some factors that can influence how and when attachments develop, including: 1. Opportunity for attachment: Children who do not have a primary care figure, such as those raised in orphanages, may fail to develop the sense of trust needed to form an attachment. 2. Quality caregiving: When caregi...
There are four patterns of attachment, including: 1. Ambivalent attachment: These children become very distressed when a parent leaves. Ambivalent attachment style is considered uncommon, affecting an estimated 7% to 15% of U.S. children. As a result of poor parental availability, these children cannot depend on their primary caregiver to be there ...
Children who are securely attached as infants tend to develop stronger self-esteemand better self-reliance as they grow older. These children also tend to be more independent, perform better in school, have successful social relationships, and experience less depression and anxiety. Children diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), condu...
Our understanding of attachment theory is heavily influenced by the early work of researchers such as John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Today, researchers recognize that the early relationships children have with their caregivers play a critical role in healthy development. Such bonds can also have an influence on romantic relationships in adulthood....
Jan 17, 2024 · Attachment can be defined as a deep and enduring emotional bond between two people in which each seeks closeness and feels more secure when in the presence of the attachment figure. The initial and perhaps most crucial emotional bond forms between infants and their primary caregivers.
Proposed explanations of social disinhibition. Zeanah, Smyke, and Dumitrescu (2002) define indiscriminate friendliness as ‘a pattern of wandering off without checking back, failing to exhibit reticence with unfamiliar adults, and being willing to go off with a stranger’ (p. 985).
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Apr 6, 2017 · Indiscriminate attachment. Infants aged 2-7 months can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people but does not show stranger anxiety.
This dictionary provides systematic coverage of these areas, in addition to the basic terminology of psychology and psychiatry, and the definitions contain more explicit factual information and explanation than is available in other dictionaries.
