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    • Skeletal system. The skeletal system is composed of bones and cartilages. There are two parts of the skeleton; axial and appendicular. The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the head and trunk.
    • Muscular system. The muscular system consists of all the body muscles. There are three muscle types; smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles. Smooth muscle is found within walls of blood vessels and hollow organs such as the stomach or intestines.
    • Cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system is comprised of the heart and the circulatory system of blood vessels. The heart is composed of four chambers; two atria and two ventricles.
    • Respiratory system. The respiratory system consists of a series of organs; the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs (alveoli).
  1. WHAT IS IMPROMPTU? Impromptu means “to be done without being planned, organized, or rehearsed” in any way, shape, or form. In speech and debate this word represents one of the most popular and rigorous middle school events.

    • Respiratory System
    • Digestive System
    • Cardiovascular/Circulatory System
    • Urinary System
    • Endocrine System
    • Nervous System
    • Musculoskeletal System
    • Integumentary System/Exocrine System
    • Lymphatic System/Immune System
    • Reproductive System

    The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange between cells and the environment. The structures involved include the nasal passage, the trachea, and the lungs. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the environment to be used throughout the body. In humans, oxygen is taken into the body by the lungs, where it and rapidly diffuses into the blood...

    The digestive system ingests food and breaks it down into usable nutrients before excreting solid waste products. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. The digestive system takes in food and processes it to obtain useful nutrients that the body can use for fuel. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats can all be used by our cells to ...

    The cardiovascular system (sometimes called the circulatory system, which could also include the lymphatic system) is responsible for the transport of materials through the body. These substances include oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. The cardiovascular system includes the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels. The cardiovascula...

    The urinary system (sometimes called the renal system) extracts and excretes dissolved waste products from the blood. The main organs that function in the urinary system are the kidneys and bladder. The urinary system keeps our body healthy by removing dangerous waste products from our blood and expelling them in the form of urine. It also function...

    The endocrine system secretes chemical signals that allow body systems to respond to environmental changes and to one another . It includes hormone-producing tissues of the pineal gland and pituitary gland in the brain; the thyroid gland; the adrenal glands; the pancreas; and the ovaries, and testes. The endocrine system consists of a number of tis...

    The nervous system allows us to perceive and respond to the world around us. This also includes our emotions and personality. The nervous system includes the brain, the brain stem, and all the nerves. The nervous system allows us to sense and respond to stimuli, such as light, sound, smell, and touch from our environment. It also allows rapid commu...

    The musculoskeletal system gives the body structure and allows us to move. We will first discuss the muscles before moving on to discuss the skeletal system. The system of muscles throughout an organism operate to move the organism and stimulate the internal organs. There are three main types of muscles in a mammal: smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, ...

    These systems cover the body and regulate its exchange with the outside world. This includes the skin, hair, nails, sweat, and other glands that secrete substances onto the skin. Like the famous saying, skin keeps our insides in! It also keeps everything else out. Skin is our body’s first line of defense against pathogens, harmful substances, injur...

    The lymphatic system includes the circulatory and immune systems.The lymphatic system is responsible for absorbing fat from the digestive system, maintaining fluid balance, and supporting the cells of the immune system. Every living thing needs to be able to fight invasion by foreign particles. This is because every organism that is made of delicio...

    The reproductive system facilitates the production of offspring. It includes, for example, the ovaries, uterus, mammary glands (breasts), penis, and testes. The reproductive system is not essential to individual survival, but it is essential for the survival of the species. After all, a species whose members couldn’t reproduce would not last very l...

  2. Jan 26, 2024 · Involuntary muscle movements refer to body movements that are outside of your control. These movements may be mild, such as a slight eye twitch. They can also be quite pronounced, affecting the arms, trunk, or neck.

  3. These include anterior-posterior movements of the arm at the shoulder, the forearm at the elbow, the hand at the wrist, and the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

    • Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Mat...
    • 2019
  4. The muscular system enables movement (with the help of the skeletal system) and also helps to maintain body temperature. Skeletal muscles are the major organs of this system, which are connected to bones by tendons.

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  6. Body movements are always described in relation to the anatomical position of the body: upright stance, with upper limbs to the side of body and palms facing forward. Refer to Figure 9.12 as you go through this section.

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