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‘Statistics is the science which deals with the methods of collecting, classifying, presenting, comparing and interpreting numerical data collected to throw some light on any sphere of enquiry.’
- Population Size
- Population Density
- Age Structure
- Fecundity
- Mortality
- Sex Ratio
Populations display distinctive behaviors based on their size. Small populations face a greater risk of extinction(Caughley 1994). Individuals in these populations can have a hard time finding quality mates so, fewer individuals mate and those that do risk inbreeding(Hamilton 1967). Additionally, individuals in small population are more susceptible...
A more complete description of a population's size includes the population density — the size of a population in relation to the amount of space that it occupies. Density is usually expressed as the number of individuals per unit area or volume(Lebreton et al. 1992). For example: the number of crows per square kilometer or the number of plankton pe...
Age structure can be represented graphically with a population pyramid (Figure 3). Although a population's age structure is not always pyramidal in shape, most populations have younger cohorts that are larger than older cohorts. For example, Sherman and Morton's studies of the Tioga Pass Belding's ground squirrels revealed birth cohorts larger than...
While maximum fecundity is a constant for populations, realized fecundity varies over time based on the size, density, and age structure of the population. External conditions, such as food and habitat availability, can also influence fecundity. Density-dependent regulation provides a negative feedback if the population grows too large, by reducing...
To visualize mortality and fecundity within a population, ecologists create life tables to display age-specific statistical summaries of a population's survival patterns. First developed by Roman actuaries, life tables were used to estimate how long individuals of a particular age category were expected to live in order to value life insurance prod...
Interestingly, sex ratio is not always random but can be manipulated at birth by environmental or physiological mechanisms. All crocodiles and many reptiles utilize a strategy called environmental sex determination, wherein incubation temperature determines the sex of each individual (Delmas et al. 2008). For example, low temperatures will produce ...
Basic understanding of biostatistics is necessary for the study of biology particularly doing research in biological science. The statistics will help the biologist to: (1) understand the nature of variability and (2) helps in deriving general laws from small samples.
Many state science standards encourage the use of mathematics and statistics in biology education, including the newly designed AP Biology course, IB Biology, Next Generation Science Standards, and the Common Core.
There are three main types of variables: measurement variables, which are expressed as numbers (such as 3.7 mm); nominal variables, which are expressed as names (such as "female"); and ranked variables, which are expressed as positions (such as "third").
In this article, we describe the activities developed to attain these goals and the assessment tools employed to measure improved learning in biology and statistics.
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Oct 13, 2017 · Although the teaching of statistics in the biology classroom is understudied, we can look to lessons learned in statistics pedagogy to reform biology curricula. Modern introductory statistics courses were established in the late 1970s, and they have seen a continual growth in enrollment since that time ( Guidelines for the Assessment and ...
