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Psychologists concerned with the biology of behavior study the ________ system because this body system consists of glands that secrete substances called ________, which help to stimulate body functions and affect behavior. endocrine, hormones.
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- The Evolutionary Explanations For Partner Preferences
- Factors Affecting Attraction
- Theories of Romantic Relationships
- Virtual Relationships in Social Media
- Parasocial Relationships
- References
The relationship between sexual selection and human reproductive behavior
Evolutionary approaches state that animals are motivated to select a ‘mate’ with the best possible genes who will best be able to ensure the offspring’s future health and survival.
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Anisogamy means two sex cells (or gametes) that are different coming together to reproduce. Men have sperm cells, which can reproduce quickly with little energy expenditure, and once they start being produced, they do not usually stop until the man dies. Female gametes (eggs or ova) are, in contrast, much less plentiful; they are released in a limited time frame (between puberty and menopause) and require much more energy to produce. This difference (anisogamy) means that men and women use di...
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Buss (1989) surveyed over 10,000 adults in 33 countries and found that females reported valuing resource-based characteristics when choosing a male (such as their jobs) whilst men valued good looks and preferred younger partners more than females did. Although the size and scale of Buss’s work are impressive, his use of questionnaires could lead to social desirability bias, with participants answering in socially desirable ways rather than honestly. Also, 77% of participants were from Western...
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This refers to the extent to which a person reveals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors which they would usually keep private from a potential partner. This increases feelings of intimacy. In the initial stages of a relationship, couples often seek to learn as much as they can about their new partner and feel that this sharing of information brings them closer together. But can too much sharing scare your partner away? Is not sharing very much information intriguing or frustrating? Altman and T...
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Aron et al. (1997) found that by providing a list of questions to pairs of people that start with superficial information (Who would be your perfect dinner party guest) and moving over 36 questions to more intimate information (Of all the people in your family, whose death would you find the most disturbing) people grew closer and more intimate as the questions progressed. Aron’s research also included a four-minute stare at the end of the question sequence, which may have also contributed to...
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This is an economic theory of romantic relationships. Many psychologists believe that the key to maintaining a relationship is that it is mutually beneficial. Psychologists Thibault and Kelley (1959) proposed the Social Exchange Theory, which stipulates that one motivation to stay in a romantic relationship, and a large factor in its development, is the result of a cost-benefit analysis that people perform, either consciously or unconsciously. Thibaut and Kelley assume that people try to maxi...
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Operationalizing rewards and costs are hugely subjective, making comparisons between people and relationships in controlled settings very difficult. Most studies that are used to support Social Exchange Theory account for this by using artificial procedures in laboratory settings, reducing the external validity of the findings. Michael Argyle (1987) questions whether it is the CL that leads to dissatisfaction with the relationship or dissatisfaction which leads to this analysis. It may be tha...
The development of social media sites since Facebook launched in 2004 has meant that people can initiate, maintain and dissolve relationships online without ever physically meeting the other person. Research indicates important differences in the way in which people conduct virtual relationships compared to face-to-face relationships in terms of:
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Levels of Parasocial Relationships Parasocial relationships may be described as those which are one-sided, Horton and Wohl (1956) defined them as relationships where the ‘fan’ is extremely invested in the relationships but the celebrity is unaware of their existence. Parasocial relationships may occur with any dynamic which elevates someone above the population in a community, making it difficult for genuine interaction; this could be anyone from fictitious characters to teachers. PSRs are us...
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The absorption-addiction model can be viewed as more of a description of parasocial relationships than an explanation; it states how a parasocial relationship may be identified and the form it may take, but not what it is caused by. Methodologically, many studies into parasocial relationships, such as Maltby’s 2006 survey, rely on the self-report technique. This can often lack validity, whether this is due to accidental inaccuracies, due to a warped perception of the parasocial relationship b...
Altman, I., Taylor, D. A., & Actman, I. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Anderson, C., Keltner, D., & John, O. P. (2003). Emotional convergence between people over time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1054–1068. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84....
Chapter 3: Nature and Nurture Intertwined Review Test Submission: Quiz: Chapter 3 (Graded) User Mr. Yashar Soroush Course PSY2012-2223-Test Quiz: Chapter 3 (Graded) Started 1/30/22 8:53 PM Submitted 1/30/22 9:53 PM Status Completed Attempt Score 50 out of 100 points Time Elapsed 1 hour, 0 minute out of 1 hour Results Displayed Submitted Answers ...
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The quiz: Covers the Textbook material from Module 4: Week 4. Contains 35 multiple-choice questions. Is limited to 1 hour. Allows 2 attempts and the highest attempt will count towards the grade. Is worth 70 points. Submit this assignment by 11:59 p. (ET) on Monday of Module 4: Week 4. TAKE THE QUIZ AGAIN Attempt History. AttemptTime
