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   What is a gateway drug?

   • In the early 1980s, the term Gateway drug began to be used to refer to alcohol and cigarettes, the drugs that are used prior to the use of illicit drugs. Soon, the usage was extended to include the use of marijuana as a precursor to the use of other illicit drugs, such as cocaine or heroin, and more rarely even to cocaine as a precursor to heroin.

   Examining the Gateway Hypothesis: Stages and Pathways of Drug

   www.cambridge.org/core/books/stages-and-pathways-of-drug-involvement/examining-the-gateway-hypothesis-stages-and-pathways-of-drug-involvement/9891FF69634C25630CE57E36D5F7977F

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   What is the gateway drug hypothesis?

   • Neuropsychopharmacology 42 , 985–986 ( 2017) Cite this article The gateway drug hypothesis refers to the pattern of substance use during adolescence whereby legal substances, such as nicotine and alcohol, precede the progressive use of illicit substances like cocaine and heroin.

   Testing the Gateway Hypothesis | Neuropsychopharmacology - Nature

   www.nature.com/articles/npp2016279

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   Do gateway drugs predict drug use?

   • Contrary to our findings, Tarter et al. (2012) did not find early drug use of gateway drugs (tobacco, alcohol) as predicting marijuana and other illicit drug use. Participants in this study started using marijuana before tobacco or alcohol.

   “Gateway hypothesis” and early drug use: Additional findings from

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4929049/

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   Are gateway drugs associated with drug use in adolescence?

   • Gateways drugs used in early adolescence were significantly associated with marijuana use, illegal drugs and cocaine in older adolescence, but over time these relationships were not consistent in adulthood. Changes in the pattern of psychoactive drug use were important predictors of drug use in adulthood.

   “Gateway hypothesis” and early drug use: Additional findings from

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4929049/

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2. www.cambridge.org › core › booksExamining the Gateway Hypothesis: Stages and Pathways of Drug ...

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   Jul 25, 2009 · According to this notion, there is a progressive and hierarchical sequence of stages of drug use that begins with tobacco or alcohol, two classes of drugs that are legal, and proceeds to marijuana, and from marijuana to other illicit drugs, such as cocaine, metamphetamines, and heroin.

   • Author: Denise B. Kandel

   • Publish Year: 2002

3. www.nejm.org › doi › fullA Molecular Basis for Nicotine as a Gateway Drug | NEJM

   www.nejm.org › doi › full

   Sep 4, 2014 · Nicotine serves as a gateway drug to cocaine abuse. The Shattuck lecturers, Eric Kandel and Denise Kandel, reveal molecular pathways that explain the role... Nearly all cocaine users are also...

   • Author: Eric R. Kandel, Denise B. Kandel

   • Publish Year: 2014

4. www.nature.com › articles › npp2016279Testing the Gateway Hypothesis | Neuropsychopharmacology - Nature

   www.nature.com › articles › npp2016279

   Jan 18, 2017 · The gateway drug hypothesis refers to the pattern of substance use during adolescence whereby legal substances, such as nicotine and alcohol, precede the progressive use of illicit...

   • Author: Michael L Miller, Yasmin L Hurd

   • Publish Year: 2017

5. iopn.library.illinois.edu › pressbooks › druguseand4 Gateway Drugs (Caffeine, Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana)

   iopn.library.illinois.edu › pressbooks › druguseand

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   Identify types of gateway drugs; Understand how caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, marijuana work in the human body; Explain the difference between use, misuse, abuse and dependence of gateway drugs; Demonstrate familiarity with drug use policies and laws and the impacts they have on legal and illegal use related to the classes of gateway drugs

6. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles“Gateway hypothesis” and early drug use: Additional findings ...

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles

   May 28, 2016 · We assessed the relationship between gateway drugs at baseline (age 11–20 years) and drug use in adulthood using generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression models. Gateways drugs used in early adolescence were significantly associated with marijuana use, illegal drugs and cocaine in older adolescence, but over time these relationships ...

   • Author: Stephen Nkansah-Amankra, Mark Minelli
   • DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.003

   • Publish Year: 2016
   • Publication: Prev Med Rep. 2016 Dec; 4: 134-141.

7. link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10Gateway Drug Use - SpringerLink

   link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10

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   Jan 1, 2016 · Gateway Patterns of Illicit Drug Use. Epidemiological research on adolescent drug use in the USA and elsewhere has consistently shown three types of relationships between the use of cannabis and other illicit drugs, such as heroin and cocaine (see Hall and Lynskey 2005; Kandel 2002).

8. www.semanticscholar.org › paper › Stages-and-Pathways[PDF] Stages and Pathways of Drug Involvement: Examining The ...

   www.semanticscholar.org › paper › Stages-and-Pathways

   Mar 4, 2002 · An operational definition to test gateway relations is proposed by providing a framework with the aim of describing a set of conditions to guide the evaluation of whether a drug serves as a gateway for another drug.